Les résultats des récoltes 2005 - 2009 sont indiqués dans le tableau ci-dessus.
La recolte peut se faire 2 à 4 fois par an, surtout en saison sèche.
En 2009 le rendement varie de 43 kg à 1 511 kg par étang (moyen 542kg) ou
de 1 075 kg à 18 888 kg par hectare par an (moyen 4 838kg) .
Chaque villageois a recolté de 0,8 kg à 8,0 kg de poissons.
L'impacte de l'aménagement des mares sont clairement indiqués en terme d'amélioration de
la quantité des récoltes de poissons comme dans le tableau ci-dessus.
Les clefs du succès reposent sur :
✓ Une bonne sensibilisation des communautés ;
✓ Une forte capacité de mobilisation et d’organisation de la part des leaders d'opinion;
✓ Une forte capacité des communautés à mener une bonne surveillance des étangs ; et
✓ Un bon choix du site : c.-t.-d.,
1) situé dans une plaine d'inondation disposant généralement de cuvettes naturelles où
le poisson pourrait se retrouver piégé pendant la période de décrue ;
2) non loin des villages (1à 3 Km) pour faciliter la surveillance ;
3) non loin d’un cours d'eau ; et
4) riche en faune et flore pour une meilleure productivité.
A low-cost aquaculture project initiated by the Ministry of Fishery & Aquaculture and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) in collaboration with the Japanese embassy boosted fish production in Guinea.
BACKGROUND
Known as the “Water Tower of West Africa”, Guinea is a water-rich nation. There are more than 1000 flood plains along the Niger river and its branches that run through highland Guinea, but none of these had been used for aquaculture in the past. In 2005, a set of trial production was initiated in order to establish a standard methodology of simple but cost-effective aquaculture so that the villagers can produce fish without continued external assistance after the project.
RESULTS
As indicated in the above table, the harvest results of 24 community-based ponds demonstrated that : 1) an average of 542kg of fish can be harvested in each pond, 2) three dominant species were Clarias anguillaris, Tilapia niloticus and Heterotis niloticus, 3) an average of 4,838kg/ha of fish was harvested in community ponds due to concentration effect, 4) fish harvest increased 3.7 folds from 3,532kg to 13,009kg due to improved site management, i.e., a combination of deepening the pond bottom or enlarging the pond bottom surface area or installation of a systematic survey team against robbery and finally use of dried cow manure as fertilizer to stimulate proliferation of phytoplankton in ponds.
DISCUSSION
Site selection and prevention of robbery were the main key factors of success(*). Use of wild fish fingerings and primary productivity are the two features to keep the production cost low. Community-based ponds, instead of privately-owned ponds, is another characteristic of the introduced method. In order to assure the continuity of this activity, “aquaculture funds” are created at each site by the newly-created management committee of community ponds through pooling the sales revenue of fish and also the access tickets. One cycle of villagers activity is typically for a period of 18 months. The main-line activity of the population in the target area is agriculture. In order to maintain a compatibility with the existing life pattern, no activity takes place for aquaculture during the high season of agriculture which extends from May to November each year.
We have come to believe that Community-based aquaculture on the flood plains : 1) is an appropriate technology of fish production. It is simple but extremely efficient. Initial financial requirement is small. It takes full advantage of the primary productivities. 2) offers an opportunity of additional activity for rural villagers. 3) contributes to satisfy the strong needs of villagers for animal proteins. 4) is environment-friendly and sustainable fish production method to be diffused.
In 2010, a total of 45 ponds will be harvested including 20 ponds newly constructed in 2009. The same method of extensive aquaculture is readily applicable in other west African countries such as Burkina Faso.
(*) details of the selection method of pond sites are presented at the end of the pdf file
that can be download at : http://www.jica.go.jp/project/guinea/0614000002/03/index.html.
The Japanese and French versions are available, but there is no English version for now.
1. La distribution des 44 sites amenages entre 2005 - 2009 est commes ci-dessus.
2. Le manuel de "Pisciculture Communautaire en Haute Guinee" est
disponible sur la site de JICA ci-dessous (JICA :Japan International
Cooperation Agency) :
1.
Shown above is the location map of 44 community ponds, which have been constructed by villagers of Highland Guinea "Haute Guinee".
Forty four ponds have been constructed over the period of 2005 - 2009
for extensive aquaculture development programme, which MPA has executed
with the financial & technical assistance of JAPAN.
Of 44 sites, the Japanese Embassy in Guinea financed 30 sites within
the framework of KUSANONE MUSHO known as "grass roots projects".
2.
The pdf file of an information booklet entitled "Pisciculture Communautaire en
Haute Guinee" can be down loaded at the following web-site of JICA (Japan
International Cooperation Agency) :