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Perhaps ironically cold in their matter-of-factness, those numbers tells the story of the state of the climate in a way that is tangible. It allows us to create a thermometer of sorts, like those used for fundraising at suburban middle schools — the goal being not to reach the line at its top. Earth Day is a similar sort of benchmark, a string tied around the finger of the country to remember to look at how we're doing. Here are the tools you need to make an assessment of the state of the Earth.
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Climate changeData resources: Theon climate
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Last month, the temperature of the world's land and oceans was . That alone seems innocuous. Here's another number: 337. For 337 straight months, the world has seen temperatures above the 20th century average. Meaning, , that anyone born after March 1985 — anyone 28 or younger — has never experienced a month during which global temperatures were below average for the century.
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Map via .
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That data comes from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's monthly "State of the Climate" recaps, which it does forand . Each month, the reports outline the raw data: the XXth hottest month, YY degrees above the 20th century average. While the report includes broader trends in the warming, they tend to be a bit buried.
Which is whymade a bit of a splash: it suggested that global warming was actually happening more slowly than scientists expected. It didn't take long for reason to be offered. It wasn't because humans were producing less greenhouse gasses. Instead, , eruptions of which emitted particles that helped diffuse sunlight in the stratosphere.
Global temperatures are never uniformly distributed, as the map above shows. If it's hot in Australia, that doesn't mean it will be here. According to the NOAA, March 2013 was tied for the tenth-hottest March in recorded history globally, matching March 2006. But afterin 2012, temperatures during March in the United States werefor the month.
Map via .
The surprising cold the United States experienced was primarily due to an , a shift in pressure patterns that moves Arctic air south. The NOAA notes that the oscillation index provided "the most negative value on record for March."
Arctic iceData resources: The , .
But there's some thinking that the Arctic ice melt played a role, too. , but the key point: while "still not settled science," three recent studies suggest that dropping ice levels also lead to colder weather.
The level of ice in the Arctic always fluctuates. From its peak, usually in March, the amount of ice melts until it reaches its minimum extent, usually in September. Last year, the amount of ice at its lowest point .
Graph via .
If scientists confirm a link between that melt and colder Springs, expect more Marches like the one we just experienced.
There are other implications to the ice melt, of course. Cargo ships can now , cutting shipment times between Asia and Europe. Last year, a major general in the U.S. Northern Command suggested that North America would soon : the shoreline on northern Canada.
Greenhouse gas emissionsData resources: The . The Department of Energy'stracks energy use and production.
Even as the United States , the amount of carbon dioxide it creates — the most abundant type of greenhouse gas — has dropped. This is in part due to the slower economy since 2009, in part to , and in part due to— a transition spurred by low natural gas costs due, in part to fracking.
Graph via .
The most recent set of annual data from the EPA . That year, two-thirds of the country's emissions came from power plants, thanks in large part to old coal-burning plants that are old enough to have been .
But there are two big question marks in the data. The first goes back to fracking — the process of injecting fluid into shale rock to break it apart, releasing methane gas. Methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, . And it's not clear how much of that methane .
Graph via .
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