Description
Chronicleukemia is a systemic pathological process, which is characterizeda breach in the ripening of cells. The beginning of this disease is gradual,and almost not noticeable. But, the development and course of many disparate ways. Maina distinctive feature of chronic leukemia is a tumor differentiationcells and the very long process of development.
Chronicleukemia accepted in medicine be divided into lymphocytic leukemias, and militariehairy cell.
asthere is a phasic separation of chronic leukemia. The first stagethe disease is called monoklonovogo or benign. That is, the diseaseoccurs when a single clone of tumor cells, and flows for many years,or chronically.
the Second stagethe disease is already poliklonovuГ» or malignant (stage blastof crisis). That is, in this stage appear secondary clones of tumor cells,flowing the disease in this stage fast enough, and there is a lot ofof blasts.
Symptoms
Symptomsin chronic leukemia will be observed next: big and fastfatigue, sudden onset of weakness in the body, frequentdizziness, increased body temperature. You may receive bleedinggums, excessive sweating.
just whenchronic leukemia can be noted a strong common increaselymph nodes in the armpits, in the groin, and parotid. Rarely, but sometimeswhat lymph nodes and increase in the abdominal cavity of the body.
Generalsymptoms of any type of leukemia are weight loss patient's appetite. Sosame on palpation of the abdomen can detect enlargement of the spleen andliver.
For morelater stages of the disease the clinical picture of chronic leukemia complementinfectious diseases and the occurrence of thrombosis.
Diagnostic
- Fordiagnosis of chronic leukemia are mostly used in laboratory methodsresearch. First of all, a blood test. On microscopic examinationblood cells their quantitative status provides a basis for the specialist to putpresumptive diagnosis. In this disease in the blood will be detectedgreatly increased amount of white blood cells, and strongly reduced the numberplatelets and red cells.Biochemicalanalysis of the patient's blood will give refined results about the functional processdifferent systems of the body and its organs.
- secondly, isexamination (biopsy) of bone marrow, which clarifies the diagnosisand the evaluation and preparation methods of treatment of a given patient.
- third,should only be done after a spinal puncture to determinetumor cells propagating in spinal fluid and makethe program chemotherapeutic treatment, taking into account all characteristics of the organism andthe disease.
Toto diagnose chronic leukemia in a particular type, used tithemi,flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, molecular genetic studies andcytogenetics. All this special diagnostic methods.
canapplied radiographic examination of the thorax of the patient, foridentify the area of lymph node lesions of bones and joints. Computertomography is used in cases when you want to view the lymph nodes in the abdominalcavity. Magnetic resonance imaging is used in the study of the brainbrain or spinal cord. Ultrasound gives the results for discernmentcystic neoplasms and tumor.
Prevention
Preventivemethods chronic leukemia almost non-existent, because the medicalscience has not yet identified the exact causes of this disease. But totime to stop the disease, consult a doctor is necessary at the firstthe symptoms and manifestations.
Treatment
In the treatment ofchronic leukemias definitely drugs involved antimetabolites action.These drugs are able to suppress the growth, the reproduction and developmentof malignant cells.
In somecases, radiation therapy or administration of radioactive substances inthe body of the patient.
the Methodtreatment should be determined by the attending physician of the patient, with all the featureshis body and medical history. Also in preparing the program of treatmentaccount should be taken of all information and the results of bone marrow studies. Andtreatment of chronic leukemia continues throughout life.
On the firststages of the development and course of chronicleukemia treatment is performed in the hospital under strict supervision of doctorsspecialists. Further, the patient is prescribed a medication that he canto take home, and regular (every six months) studies of blood and boneof the brain that needs to be done in a hospital environment.