Oral Path
1. A diffuse inflammation of soft tissue that is NOT circumscribed and is NOT confined to one localized area is a cellulites.

2. glossodynia=burning mouth

3. Sclerosis of the tubules occurs in dentin as a defense reaction against invasion of the tubules by bacteria.

4. Carcinoma in situ implies that the lesion shows Dysplasia of cells confined within the epithelium.

5. a, painless lesion. The lesion, which is of long duration, is probably An irritation fibroma.

6. A tooth is extremely sensitive to precussion and feels “high” during mastication. Likely causes include;
occlusal trauma
periapical abscess
periodontal abscess

7. Transformation of mucus-secreting bronchial epithelium to squamous epithelium is an example of Metaplasia. (reversible change like smoking)

8. Paresthesia is most suggestive of malignancy of a jaw.

9. The most serious early consequence of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in an otherwise healthy child is Dehydration.

10. Sialoliths (salivary stone) are most commonly found during radiographic (a well-defined, radiopaque) examination of the Submandibular duct.


Dental Material
1. Zinc oxide-eugenol may be used as a sedative dressing under a temporary restoration.

2. The impression material must adhere to the tray is necessary to achieve maximum accuracy with a polysulfide rubber impression.

3. To minimize gagging and overcome fear when making an alginate impression for a child, it is recommended to secure the madibular impression first.

4. Overheating an amalgam restoration during polishing causes;
pain to the patient
trauma to pulp tissue
the retained mercury to be drawn to the surface

5. The principle advantage of zinc oxide-eugenol cement over zinc phosphate cement is its obtundent effect on the pulp.

6. “Grit” refers to Size of abrasive particles.

7. An impression should be removed from the mouth with a quick, continuous displacing movement to minimize Permanent deformation.

8. The cement used for cementing orhodontic bands is spatulated over a large area to dissipate heart and to slow setting time.


Microbiology & Immunology
1. Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by Varicella.

2. The major function of the plasma cell is plasma cells.

3. Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of infectious mononucleosis.

4. Antimicrobial characteristics of alcohols include Inability to penetrate blood and tissue or instrument surfaces.

5. Microorganisms are most susceptible to the action of physical and chemical agents during the logarithmic phase of growth.


Fluoride
1. Enamel hypoplasia is a symptoon of chronic fluoride toxicity.

2. Approved fluoride compounds found in over-the-counter dentifrices include sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate.

3. The time it takes for plaque to drop to an acid pH after eating and the time it takes for the pH to return to normal are depended upon;
(a) plaque thickness
(b) rate of salivary flow
(c) carbohydrate substrate

4. Which of the following types and concentrations of fluoride should be recommended to a head and neck cancer patient for home-care custom tray use?
A- 0.4% stannous fluoride
B- 1% neutral sodium fluoride
(no 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride for this pt. )

5. Fluorapatite is the most stable reaction product of a topical application of fluoride.

6. The pH of acidulated fluoride gels is in the range of 3 to 5.


Clinical Dental Hygiene
1. The method of brushing in which bristles are angled toward the occlusal surface is designed primarily to Facilitate interdental cleaning.

2. the mode of action of solutions and pastes used as desensitizing agents;
deposition of insoluble salt in exposed dentin
stimulation of formation of secondary dentin

3. green, tobacco. metallic are exogenous extrinsic, stains that can become intrinsic stains.

4. A wooden wedge is used with a matrix band to force the band against the tooth.

5. A patient returns one week after thorough dental scaling and polishing. Gingival shrinkage has occurred and black specks are observed near the gingival margin. This most likely indicates that Old calculus is exposed.

6. The correct stroke for performing soft tissue curettage on facial and lingual surfaces is long and horizontal.

7. The sensation of touch, pain, pressure or temperature is determined by the Specific nerve fiber stimulated.

8. Hydrotherapy devices (irrigators) are considered effective for removing
A- material alba
B- large food particles

9. Definitive exploration must be used to distinguish between calculus and;
C- cemental resorption
D- an overhanging restoration
E- an irregular cementoenamel junction

10. The ultrasonic principle is based on the use of High-frequency sound waves.

11. The internal angle between the face of the blade and the lateral surface of a Gracey curet is 70-80 degrees.


Periodontology
1. Increased density of alveolar bone changes occurs in the periodontium in response to increased function

2. For new attachment to occur, which of the following conditions should be present;
complete removal of junctional and pocket epithelium
complete removal of calculus or altered cementum
an adequate number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

3. The most important factor in promoting wound healing after removal of a periodontal dressing is effective plaque control.

4. Spares plaque is a characteristic of juvenile periodontitis that differentiates it from chronic adult periodontitis.

5. Gingival attachment portions of the periodontium is least affected by traumatic occlusal forces.

6. Metabolism of sucrose by Streptococcus mutans results in production of;
X dextrans
X acids

7. Atrophy in papillary contour is a sign of previous infection with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

Head & Neck Anatomy
1. Maxillary first premolars is most liekley to have two separate roots.

2. Sharpey’s are coarse, connective tissue fibers located in the surface of bone.

3. Rests of Malassez are composed of Groups of epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament.

4. The contractile element of skeletal muscle is the sarcoplasm.

5. Application of excessive heat to a tooth results in pain because all stimuli to the pulp result in a pain sensation.

6. Mandibular teeth are vascularized by branches of maxillary arteries.

7. Periodontal ligament transmits the senseation of contact when teeth are occluding.


Nutrition
1. Pernicious anemia is best treated with vitamin B12.


Pharmacology
1. Environmental contamination by nitrous oxide can be minimized by Employing a scavenger system.

2. Administration of pure oxygen to a patient with a depressed respiratory center can be dangerous because it may Removed the remaining stimulus for respiration.

3. A patient is given extensive doses of a broad-spectrum antibiotic. A sequela that may develop is Black hairy tongue.

4. Protacted use of sulfa drugs may produce symptoms of vitamin K deficiency because sulfa drugs inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria.

5. Orthostatic hypotension is commonly seen in patients taking diuretics or antianginal drugs.

6. A patient who takes reserpine is probably being treated for Hypertension.


Radiology
1. Which of the following cause film fog in developed radiographs?
B- scattered radiation
C- improper safelighting
D- light leak in the darkroom


Community DH
1. When dental health is neglected, it is largely because of
A- self-perception of need
B- the non-threatening nature of dental disease


Special Needs Pt
1. Dyspnea on exertion and paroxysmal nocturnal are common symptoms of Congestive heart failure.

2. Obesity predisposes individuals to which of the following conditions?
A- diabetes
B- high blood pressure
C- toxemia of pregnancy
D- post-surgical complications
Anatomy
1. transitional epithelium represents the type of epithelium seen in the urinary bladder.

2. The central nervous systems consists of brain and spinal cord.

3.
Histology
1. Cementoblasts, osteoblasts and fibroblasts of the attachment apparatus all develop from dental sac.

2. The conglomerate of lamellae, osteocytes, central canals and canaliculi define Haversian system.

3. Cartilage grows by apposition from perichondrium.

4. Nucleolus contains the majority of the RNA of the cell.

5. The direction of nerve impulse progresses in dendrite to cell body to axon.

6. inner enamel epithelium, outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, and stratum intermedium constitute the enamel organ.

7. Transseptal fibers represent tooth to tooth fibers.

8. The dentinal tubule normally contains odontoblastic process

9. Secondary aplastic anemia can be caused by chemotherapy.

10. Which of the following types of epithelium initially appears as two to three cell layers thick, then one to two cell layers thick when stressed?
transitional epithelium

11. basophils cells predominates in allergic reactions.

12. The oral stratum germinativum(basale) is the source of dental lamina.

13. Heart organs consists of striated muscle but is involuntary in function.

14. Tendons are classified as regular fibrous connective tissue.

15. Microtubules and microfilaments make up cytoskeleton.

16. Lines of imbrication are surface manifestations lines of Retzius

17. fibrocartilage is seen between the bones of the TMJ.

18. The protein that primarily forms the framework for organs is reticulin.

19. tendons attaches muscle to bone.

20. Canals in bone that run perpendicular to the Haversian canal defines Volkmann’s canals.

21. fibrocartilage is found primarily between the bones of the vertebral column.

22. Cristae are located in mitochondria.

23. process of excreting material out of the cell is defined by exocytosis.

24. polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibits the ability of phagocytosis?

25. microvilli modifications increases the surface area of a cell.

26. elastic cartilage is found in the auricle.

27. The lining of the ducts of minor salivary glands frequently exhibits simple cuboidal.

28. The last layer of enamel produced by ameloblasts prior to tooth eruption defines primary cuticle

29. Peritubular dentin represents dentin immediately surrounding the odontoblastic process.

30. The bones of the skull and jaws develop as membranous

31. Which of the following is striated muscle?
? cardiac muscle
? skeletal muscle

32. sacromere represents the smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell?

33. pseudostratified ciliated columnar is commonly found lining the respiratory tract.

34. dentin is the first to be produced.

35. Membranous bones develop by directly out of soft tissue.

36. Lines of Retzius represent incremental lines of enamel formation

37. neonatal line represents the junction between enamel formed prior to birth and that formed postpartum.

38. Compression of the enamel organ into two epithelial layers defines reduced enamel epithelium.

39. The first week post fertilization represents zygote.

40. median nasal process forms the premaxilla (primary palate).

41. The contents of the normal dental pulp include which of the following?
? nerve tissue
? blood vessels
? fibroblasts
? odontoblasts?
42. polymorphonuclear neutrophils contain neutral-staining granules within the cytoplasm.

43. Which of the following compose the neuron?

X dendrites
X axon
X cell body

44. cananiculi structures allows osteoblasts to contact neighboring osteoblasts.

45. alveolar mucosa represents gingival that is NOT firmly but loosely bound to bone.

46. The gap between an axon and an adjoining dendrite is synaptic cleft.

47. dendrite refers to the receptor (receiving) process of a neuron.

48. The microfilaments actin and myosin are found in muscle cells.

49. Entrapment of odontoblasts or odontoblastic processes within enamel just beyond the DEJ defines enamel spindle.

50. Which of the following actions results in work?
sensory impulses
:-) muscle shortening
dendrite stimulation
synaptic cleft shortening

51. The outer cells of the dental papilla are the source of osteoblasts.

52. Tertiary dentin is reparative dentin.

53. Which of the following fibers are Sharpey's fibers?
? horizontal
? oblique

54. The fusion of the maxillary lip occurs approximately within 3 – 6 wks.

55. A collection of nerve cell bodies defines ganglion.

56. Bags of enzymes located within the cytoplasm and are used for "clean-up" purposes are known by lysosomes.

57. Purkinje fiber is a muscle cell specially adapted to also conduct neural impulses.

58. The cell layer of cartilage that contributes to the appositional growth of cartilage is perichondrium.

59. The neuromuscular junction is axon to muscle contact.

Pathology
1. Symptons of leukemia can be similar to those found in Mononucleosis.

2. If a patients white blood cell count is 1000/mm3, one might suspect:
:-) leukopenia









Clinic dental hygiene
1. The dental hygienist may use caries activity tests best as a dramatic indication to a patient that he needs to practice better preventive procedures.

2. To evaluate the effectiveness or oral hygiene instruction given during the previous appointment, the dental hygienist should;

(b) question the patient about various areas covered in the instructions
(d) have the patient demonstrate the oral hygiene methods he has been using
(e) compare the patient's oral hygiene status to baseline data

3. amyl nitrate is NOT used in desensitizing root surfaces?

4. When iontophoresis is used in combination with a fluoride solution, it increases penetration of fluoride ions into dentinal tubules.

5. When examining permanent teeth in intercuspal position, which of the following relations are noted for a patient with normal occlusion
(b) the maxillary arch is larger than the mandibular arch producing acceptable horizontal overlap
(c) Mandibular posterior teeth are anterior to maxillary posterior teeth
(d) interproximal spaces in maxillary and mandibular arches coincide only at midline

6. fine, flexible shank is NOT useful in a curette used to reach heavy tenacious calculus in a deep pocket on a molar.

Oral Pathology
1. Oral mucosal pigmentation is characteristic of
(a) Addison’s disease
(c) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

2. Histamine is contained in the granules of mast cells

3. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity manifests clinically as
(a) a red lesion
(b) a white lesion
(c) an ulcerated lesion
(d) an exophytic verrucous lesion

4. Rheumatic fever may follow repeated infections by Staphylococcus.

5. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by sharp pain confined to one side of the face and is often initiated by touching a "trigger zone"

6. The crown of a maxillary right lateral incisor has a pink hue. A radiograph of the tooth reveals an abnormally enlarged pulp chamber. This most likely represents internal resorption.

7. Partial or complete, true anodontia and deficient formation of hair and swear glands are seen in Ectodermal dysplasia

8. Palpation of a localized swelling in the cheek produces a sensation of wave-like motion due to a contained fluid. This state is described as fluctuant


Radiology
1. Each successive panoramic film appears lighter than the one before. Replenish the developer solution is required.

3. Chickenpox and herpes zoster are related to each other in the same manner as acute herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent labial herpes.

4. mandibular foramen is usually NOT demonstrated on intraoral, periapical radiographs

5.Protection from excessive exposure to radiation is aided by use of aluminum filters and a lead diaphragm. The filters reduce the amount of soft radiation reaching the patient's face and the diaphragm controls the area exposed. (both true)

6. The rays that are most apt to be absorbed by the skin are x-rays that are of long wavelength.


Pharmacology
1. If a patient develops tolerance to a drug, it means that he has need for an increase in dosage to produce the usual effect of the drug.

2. renal disease does NOT delay metabolic transformation of a drug.
extensive protein binding
storage in tissues
liver disease
presence of other drugs that inhibit metabolism of the first drug

3. syncope is NOT a true allergic reaction to an injected drug.

4. Sublingual nitroglycerin is effective in treating Angina pectoris

5. Infiltration is the method of choice for obtaining analgesia in areas where the cortical plate is thin and porous.

6. The greater risk associated with inhalation as a route of drug administration is hypoxia.


Periodontology
1. The bacterial species most frequently implicated in the etiology of root surface caries is Actinomyces viscosus.

2. The single best criterion for evaluating the success of root planing and oral hygiene two weeks post-treatment is no evidence of bleeding upon probing.

3. Bacterial resistance to desiccation is prolonged by
(b) capsules
(e) presence of a mucinous coat, such as can be provided by saliva

4. Early lesion of gingivitis demonstrates the largest number of mast cells.

5. principal components of immature plaque?
(c) epithelial cells
(e) gram-positive cocci

6. In fetal development, the cell that is capable of differentiating into B cells, T cells, erythrocytes or macrophages is a stern cell.

7. Which of the following blood conditions is likely to be found in a patient with a bacterial infection?
Leukocytosis

8. During deep subgingival scaling and root planing, the junctional epithelium is;
(c) usually unavoidably disturbed
(d) to be left intact, if possible

9. The highest numbers of Streptococcus salubarius are found in the oral cavity in Tongue and saliva.

10. Early lesion of gingivitis demonstrates the largest number of mast cells.

11. A product of plaque bacteria that may attract large numbers of leukocytes to the gingival area is chemotactic factor.

12. The most predominant white blood cell in the healing gingiva 12 hours after soft tissue curettage is the neutrophil.

13. The extent of infection in a wound is influenced by which of the following factors?
(a) type of wound
(b) local blood supply
(c) resistance of the host
(d) virulence of microorganisms
(e) number of microorganisms that enter the wound

14. Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation that extends from the gingiva into the supporting apparatus with loss of attachment.

15. Which of the following responses can be expected one week after root planing?
(a) reduced probing depths
(b) reduced gingival inflammation


Dental Material
1. Nodules of stone formed in occlusal pits of a stone cast are caused by air entrapment during insertion and seating of the tray.

2. Tin oxide polishing agents is used intraorally to give a high luster to gold restorations.

3. high final mercury content weakens dental amalgam.

4. materials are used to take impressions for inlay
(b) Polysulfide
(e) reversible hydrocolloid

5. The major reason for polishing an amalgam restoration is to reduce potential for plaque accumulation.

6. Smoothness of proximal cavosurface margins or amalgam restorations can best be evaluated by using floss and radiograph.


Community DH
1. research steps;
(e) Problem identification
(c) Hypothesis formulation
(a) Data collection
(d) Analysis and interpretation
(b) Conclusion

2. It can safely be assumed that the growth in dental prepayment plans in the U.S. will initially increase the demand for dental services.

3. The dental hygienist may use caries activity tests best as a dramatic indication to a patient that he needs to practice better preventive procedures.


Nutrition
1. Petechiae are apt to occur in sever deficiencies of vitamins C and K.


Head and Neck Anatomy
1. Auriculotemporal nerves or branches of a nerve contains pain fibers affected by disturbances of the temporomandibular joint.

2. signs or symptoms is NOT associated with temporomandibular joint pathosis.
Crepitus in the joint
Closed bite
Occlusal trauma
Open bite

3. When examining permanent teeth in intercuspal position, which of the following relations are noted for a patient with normal occlusion;

(b) the maxillary arch is larger than the mandibular arch producing acceptable horizontal overlap
(c) Mandibular posterior teeth are anterior to maxillary posterior teeth
(d) interproximal spaces in maxillary and mandibular arches coincide only at midline

4.diastema is NOT associated with temporomandibular joint pathosis.
Occlusal trauma
Closed bite
Open bite
Crepitus in the joint


General Pathology
1. Thyroid hormone has the MOST direct action on metabolic rate.

Immunology and Microbiology
1. Hepatitis is B virus is most heat resistant.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
HIV (HTLV-III)
Streptococcus pyoogenes

2. Bacterial resistance to desiccation is prolonged by
(b) capsules
(e) presence of a mucinous coat, such as can be provided by saliva


Fluoride
1. When iontophoresis is used in combination with a fluoride solution, it increases penetration of fluoride ions into dentinal tubules.

2.used in desensitizing root surfaces?
acidulated phosphate fluoride
strontium chloride
stannous fluoride
formaldehyde


Histology
1. Epithelium is attached to connective tissue by hemidesmosomes.


Immunology and Microbiology
1. Chickenpox and herpes zoster are related to each other in the same manner as acute herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent labial herpes.


Head and Neck Anatomy
1. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by sharp pain confined to one side of the face and is often initiated by touching a "trigger zone"

2. Auriculotemporal contains pain fibers affected by disturbances of the temporomandibular joint.

3. Crevicular epithelium differs from oral epithelium in the crevicular epithelium
(b) is thinner
(d) has fewer different cell layers

142/198(71%)