Skin bruise Skin bruise is the most commonly seen injury. But even though the extent of the injury is comparatively large, it is just superficial injuries and only capillary bleeding.Usually, it will not lead to massive blood loss . The major injury management is to prevent infection. Under outdoor conditions, you can clean up the injuries by the gauze after wetting with the hot water in the water jug, and then use a clean towel or other soft cloth to cover the injuries. Then use clean cloth, bandage or cotton textile to dress .
Scalp bleeding Scalp bleeding is comparatively serious. Because the scalp is rich in vessels, it will bleed more massively. Under outdoor conditions, compression hemostasis is often adopted, while there is some difficulty in dressing the head.
Serious injuries Injuries which are more serious, bleed more massively, or lead to dehiscence that needs sewing up, tend to need compression and presure dressing hemostasis. Before dressing, you can use the clean gauze to clean up the injuries after wetting with the hot water in the water jug. Never should you scatter dirt or flour to the injuries. They not only will further pollute the injuries but also will bring trouble to clean up the dehiscence in the next step.
Bleeding or liquid flow in mouth, nose or ears Head injuries led by falling may cause bleeding or liquid flow in mouth , nose or ears. It may be the result of fracture of skull base. The right practice is not packing hemostasis, but letting them bleed or flow out thoroughly by changing the body position. (Notice: The fracture of skull base is very severe craniocerebral trauma. On the site, you should also consider whether it is fracture of cervical vertebrae. If it is fractuure of cervical vertebrae, body position change will cause paraplegia.)
How and when to use the tourniquet
The tourniquet should not contact with the skin directly, and you should use cotton texitle as underlay.
The degree of tightness of the tourniquet should be proper. If the far end of the hemostasis does not bleed massively, the looser, the better.
Loosen the tourniquet regularly, once every fourty to fifty minutes. When it is loosed, you should stop it bleeding by pressure with your fingers for about 2 minutes and then tighten the tourniquet again.
Record the time when the tourniquet is used, and then tell the the replacement. The time for using the tourniquet should not be more than two to three hours.
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