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Experts in the stone foundation of the orientation depicted in FIG. The reporter Zhao Kang Photo











Hard stone foundation walls are ruins. The reporter Zhao Kang Photo



Core Tip



At the end of 2007,moncler pas cher, the discovery of the ancient city has become a major event in China's archaeological circles. Liangzhu people began to those who live in 5300 years ago has a new understanding. They will not just rice, grinding jade, social differentiation of rank, they even had a sense of fortresses. In history, the "City" is an important symbol to distinguish between clan society and civilized society.



Moreover, the structure of the ancient city like the Chinese character "country", plus previously found in the city royal palaces, aristocratic tombs and altars, some experts speculate, may be in Liangzhu Shang and Zhou dynasties before an earlier.



This "the first Chinese city" if hidden behind a Liangzhu ancient, it is whether we can rewrite the history of Chinese civilization, but also look forward to more archaeological discoveries.



200 meters from the family farmers out of high, there is a pit. 5-meter-deep pit, earthy structured. According to the top down is yellow, brown, reddish brown, and finally rammed earth. High School just standing watching the pit, do not know the meaning of these colors.



He since November 2007, on the city to see some of the archaeologists dug this hole, and jump up and down in the pit. And high school just is different, Liangzhu ruins workstation Master Liu Bin see these soils, excited.



According earth ceramic fragments, Liu Bin judge, brown soil belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, reddish brown soil in the Han Dynasty ceramics, and in rammed earth, Bin discovered 5,000 years ago Liangzhu people put stones "They are used to build the walls of the foundation."



November 29, Zhejiang Archaeological Institute announced in Hangzhou Pingyao mayor found a village life 5,000 years ago the ancient city. Some experts believe that if this area of 2.9 million square meters of the ancient city means that a presence behind Liangzhu ancient, that it will be before the earlier Shang and Zhou dynasty.



5,000 years ago left behind the walls of Suspense



The foundation stone was originally discovered more than 1,000 meters long, what is the embankments or walls,bottes louboutin, Bin confused for a long time.



Winter Tiaoxi very quiet, stream reeds growing there thousands of years ago. Tianmu offshoot from the river outflow from the far northeast direction through the ancient city of northwest corner, and then towards the southwest, straight stream to go.



This will be on both sides of the river north of the ancient city walls,spaccio hogan, to the west,louboutin, closely surrounded. The proven these walls, gave Liu Bin headache, he spent more than a year of time to clear the boundary walls on all sides.



Discovered the ruins of the walls, it began in an accident.



In June 2006, Pingyao Town of Yuhang District of Hangzhou, Fengshan village grape Hom, a villager resettlement housing to be built in Liangzhu cultural relics protection zone. By convention, the Liangzhu ruins of the archaeological team advanced workstation field exploration.



Liu Bin, they found a north-south rivers, width 45 meters, a depth of about 1 m and more, a lot of broken pottery found inside the bed, the Liangzhu late.



"Accident, really unexpected." Recalled the discovery, Liu Bin sigh,oakley lunette de vue, but then bigger accident happened.



After the discovery of the brook, archaeologists more than two meters of land east aspect dig a small hole, and found that piece of land are actually made of artificial ramming --- loess soil.



"Obviously came from outside manual handling." Said Liu Bin,nike tn 2014, the Liangzhu area is dark gray sludge. In the loess below, covered with a layer of stones, rocks relatively smooth.



"It should be readily available from the periphery foundling." Liu Bin analysis, these through artificial selection, carefully piled stones,escarpins louboutin, deliberately mattress placed on the Everglades as to separate the wet ground to air.



In fact, Liu Bin unexpected discovery, as early as 30 years ago, the school had just met. At that time, the village has a dig wells, after more than three meters down, they found the stones. "Nobody knows what it is, and no one cares." High school just recalled.



Bin determine the general direction of the foundation stone, but he did not know at the foundation of rammed earth construction in the end is what.



Is the embankment it



Liu Bin know, has proven Liangzhu ruins, they found a large number of flood control activities. Tong Shan Liangzhu ruins, is one of the world's largest water projects simultaneously.



March 2007, Bin took a dozen people armed with Luoyang shovel, along Tiaoxi,hogan uomo, two routes to explore, all the way north, all the way south.



Ruins of the foundation stone was soon proved, it northward to the top Dongtiaoxi River, south to the top of the Fengshan, the total length of about more than 1000 meters and a width of 40 to 60 meters.



"It was concluded that it should be the site of the embankment because it's outside (west side) discovered the ruins of ancient river." But Liu Bin also found this article, more than 1,000 meters east of the site and its mutual Mo angle mountain site parallel, the two separated by about 200 meters, "it is also possible that the walls."



However, exploration and investigation into the dead end. Bin them along Dongtiao Creek, turn right, further north, but never found traces of rammed earth and stones.



Clue seems to be broken.



Liu Bin's eyes fell Mo angle mountain.



City building 10 times in football stadium



The city found eight meters high from the ground station, an area of 70,000 square meters, experts predict may be the royal palace.



That day,boutique louboutin, Liu Bin, a person in the office staring at a map in a daze, when the line of sight to touch the Mo angle mountain on the map, he suddenly thought of something.



Mo angle mountain, a ten-meter-high mound, now the top is a large orchard, a light in the middle of rammed earth platform, is 20 years ago to explore the ruins. According to some experts speculate that those platforms might used to be a large palace. Mo horn Hill site in 1993 was named China's top ten archaeological discoveries.



Since 1992, things have to talk about. That year, a printing plant is located in Mo angle mountain top to the expansion, in line with infrastructure work, archaeologists Mo angle mountain exploratory excavation.



Under the topsoil, archaeologists first discovered that has been damaged tomb looters.



Under the tomb, archaeologists discovered a layer of sand, and then down a layer of very thick, very detailed rammed earth. A layer of sand, a layer of mud, like a sandwich crackers, as layer after layer, is undoubtedly an artificial built into the high tower.



After drilling found that high station peacefully height difference of 8 meters, an area of at least 70,000 square meters, the equivalent of 10 standard football field high tower.



On top of this platform, northwest, northeast, southwest of the three position, also have a small high table. In the northwest corner of the small high platform, dug three rows of 90 cm diameter column pits. Column pit edge, as well as residual traces of wooden pillars, is undoubtedly a large building built corner marks.



Some experts estimate that such a large building, even though construction of 1,000 people, but also made for 10 years. Peking University archaeologist Yan Wenming speculate: here is likely to be a magnificent palace.



Before, in front of the temple Liangzhu ruins, archaeologists have dug through the elegant house, cloister pit double column structure pore structure. But it is far better than the table height and area Mo angle mountain. Some experts believe that if the temple inhabited by princes minister, that Mo angle mountain living is king.



This allows Liu Bin heartening that Mo angle mountain terrain in a wonderful symmetry among its northeast and southwest sides, respectively, and Fengshan Pheasant Hill, and about the same distance from the straight line Mo angle mountain. And they found that it is limited to the southern tip of the foundation stones Fengshan.



Bin made a bold hypothesis: if Mo angle mountain is the center of the city, then the Fengshan and Pheasant Hill two natural hills that are being exploited to the walls of southwest and northeast corners.



"Intuition. Then rely on intuition." Bin now recall the circumstances at the time, still unconsciously immersed in the excitement of the past.



Ruins of the ancient city as much value



This is the largest contemporary Chinese ancient ruins, an area four times in the Ming Dynasty Forbidden City, called "the first Chinese city."



In mid-September 2007, Luoyang shovel from the ground back to let 刘斌欣 hi information, corroborated Liu Bin original "intuition" was right: near Pheasant Hill also has stone foundations.



In late November and early Liangzhu ancient city wall of the truck sides, it has been identified. Compared with the west wall, the other three sides of the walls relatively more sophisticated: a lot of sharp stones bedding, apparently excavated; outer stone walls is relatively large point, the inside is smaller; loess layer stack built in, sometimes doped layer black clay layer, increasing the water capacity of the walls.



"This shows that the fortification technology is quite mature." Liu Bin said.



Archaeologists speculate that these traces shows that the ancients made the first west wall, until construction of the other three walls,louboutin boutique, the more experienced.



According to preliminary results of the survey tried to dig the present judgment, the scope of the ancient city, something about 1500 to 1700 m, north-south length of about 1800 to 1900 meters, with a total area of about 290 million square meters.



Famous archaeologist, Peking University professor Yan Wenming said: "Significance of the ancient city found in the Yin Ruins of discovery as much as before the Yangtze River region has never been found City Address Liangzhu culture period, the ancient city is found contemporary China's largest ancient ruins, called 'the first Chinese city'. "



The Ming emperor Zhu Di built the Forbidden City, only 72 square meters, is 1/4 of the ancient city. Our most complete existing ancient city of the Ming Hongwu expansion ancient city of Xi'an. Only larger than half the ancient city.



However, the Liangzhu and Ming separated by three or four years. The Ming Dynasty, both in production tools, science and technology as well as society organizations are well developed. Even so, the construction of the Imperial Palace of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di also spent millions of coolies, also after 14 years to complete.



In contrast, the ancient city built 5000 years ago, then the corresponding productivity, the scale can be described as huge. How many artisans need to mobilize in order to complete such a large amount of stone and earthwork, you can imagine What, then, is who organized the construction of such a huge project There is such a huge clan organization do



The city buried monarch tombs



Anti Hill on the 12th tomb in the northwest corner of the city, is considered the most powerful buried monarch. Symbol of royal tomb found Jade king.



In the ancient city's northwest corner, there is a humble Heights. This highland Mayan pyramid shape and is similar to the bottom than the top wide, is surrounded by high-slowly upward slope. It is four meters above the ground the royal palace, and the city center --- Mo angle mountain, distant relative.



Here the ancient city hidden inside secret.



"It was a burial site, called anti mountain tombs." Since the 1980s, he came to Hangzhou from Shaanxi Liu Bin, has been Liangzhu workstation. He is like his palm as familiar familiar with everything here.



"Anti-called anti mountain mountain burial tomb." Said Liu Bin, where a funeral of a high standard, he might be the monarch.



In 1986, a cloud of clouds in the afternoon, anti-mountain on the 12th tomb was excavated. This is the anti mountain tomb dug the first and highest-Liangzhu tomb today. Because before has dug 11 tomb, its identity is calibrated to the tomb of the 12th anti mountain.



The discovery raises the 10 tomb behind. Men will be buried in the north, women buried in the south, according to the buried positions relative to the coffin, can judge them and they head north feet south.



Anti Hill on the 12th tomb, is considered to be the richest and most powerful monarch, as he buried the size is the highest specifications,cappelli ymcmb, this tomb unearthed in the ruins of Liangzhu Culture Jade Wang, Yu Yue Wang.



Cong shape foreign inner circle,louis vuitton lunette de vue, according to the original ancestors "hemispherical dome" of the universe,abercrombie winterjas, a symbol of the square, the circle symbolizes the sky, a symbol of heaven and earth through Cong. Liu Bin said, shows that the Liangzhu people Cong is a ritual system weight, a symbol of royal power and authority.



"Dictionary", the "ax, ax too." Liu Bin said that the stone into a jade ax, functions should be transformed, it may be transformed into a symbol of military power.



And south on the 23rd tomb has been speculated very wealthy, because she has the most Bi, a total of 54 large and small, scattered around her feet.



According to the number of grave goods, generally it can be seen, the Liangzhu have royalty, nobility, the rich, the identity of civilians arrangement.



Because not all discovered tombs, have complex exquisite jade decoration.



According presided over a series of Liangzhu Culture unearthed Wang informed introduced Liangzhu period over more than 2,woolrich parka uomo prezzo,000 graves have been found in 60% -70% are only a few small pieces of pottery tomb, indicating that the number of civilian sectors is enormous.



Liangzhu, not only with respect to the superior civilians aristocracy, nobility inside there are high and low points. It was buried in the tomb of anti mountain, buried level is all "earthen pyramid" in the highest, equivalent Tomb level.



And a year later found Dayaoshan burial sites, the Department of Mountain View burial sites, slightly lower than the level of the anti-Hill, may be ministers or shaman. Dayaoshan located five kilometers northeast of the ancient city far beyond, the Department of the ancient city of Mountain View in the northwest two kilometers away.



Zhang Zhongpei archeology authority in accordance with the analysis of the anti-mountain tomb can be divided into three categories, one is 既葬 Cong and buried the ax, such as anti-mountain was first excavated the tomb on the 12th, on behalf of the right to worship only master and master military power who is the king; the second is buried without funerary Cong Yue. On behalf of the officers; the third category is buried without funerary Cong Yue,louboutin paris, on behalf of the shaman.



The more buried tombs, placed the coffin of the platform from the higher ground, but also a symbol of the higher grade, grave civilians often do not build units, directly buried in the ground.



He says too early to rewrite the history of civilization



Although the prototype of Liangzhu Culture already has national organizations, and influence the Xia, Shang,rayban lunette de soleil, Zhou, but can not determine Liangzhu is a national.



Since there is king, there are the rulers, whether that time has become a country



That ancient city was discovered, Peking University professor Yan Wenming traveled from Beijing to Pingyao Town, Hangzhou. Yan Wenming think the significance of the ancient city not confined to the "city", the Liangzhu Culture from the entire layout view.



Liangzhu culture is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta, the most intensive Taihu Lake Basin is including Yuhang Liangzhu here, there jiaxin nanhu, Shanghai East, Suzhou, Changzhou, Nanjing area.



Then out, as well as expansion area, west to Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, north to the north has been close to Shandong, the Liangzhu people in order to capture here, we had a battle. Then out, as well as the impact zone, south zone until Shanxi.



Yan Wenming think, when "Liangzhu" forces occupied half of China, if not higher military and political organization, no more developed economic and cultural levels, is impossible. The ancient city built for such a large sphere of influence of the ruling political organization, it is capable of.



Song Jian, director of the Shanghai Museum of Archaeology believes that the huge scale of the ancient city, and rigorous planning. Such a huge project requires strong government institutions, but also need long-term unremitting efforts to difficult to complete. And the Chinese character "country" and the ancient city layout are similar, so it should be inferred Liangzhu was already a country of.



More experts believe that China's dynasties dating from rewriting --- should be made now that the earliest dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou, into Liangzhu.



Yan Wenming in an interview with reporters that, despite the Liangzhu Culture preliminary national organizations have emerged, however, at present, is not yet a clear answer "Liangzhu whether it is a country" when.



But he also believes that the Liangzhu culture is not dead, but in the course of history, inherited the progressive development, and significantly affect the future of Xia, Shang and Zhou era, there are some articles of jade on like Shang and Zhou bronzes patterns.



Pingyao Town, warm winter sunshine. In the ancient city wall ruins not far from the fields,spaccio woolrich bologna, thousand of ducks in the ground looking for food millet. They tiny feet, tapping the earth.



The ancient city is how to build What was the social organization Then the development of the productive forces to what extent



"Liangzhu ancient city archeology, everything has just begun." Liu Bin said.

 

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