Polaris smart grid online news: a look how the battery and not take on the substance of the profession, became a breakthrough in battery technology is the key bottlenecks. U.S. the Ohio Nanotek instruments researchers use lithium-ion fast shuttle movement of a large number of features, developed a new type of energy storage devices can recharge time reduced to hours at a time from the past between the graphene surface and electrode less than a minute. The study is published in a recent issue of Nano Letters.
Battery charging performance of the biggest challenges for the development of electric vehicles
Is well known that electric vehicles because of its clean energy-saving features have been seen as the future direction of the car, but the main technical bottlenecks faced by the development of electric vehicles is battery technology. This was reflected in the following aspects: First, the battery energy storage density, refers to the size of the stored energy in a certain space or quality of material, to solve the electric car charging electricity to run and how far. Battery charging performance. It is hoped that the charging of electric vehicles like fuel in a few minutes you can complete, but time-consuming issue has always been the insurmountable obstacle of battery technology. Hundreds of hours of charging time, so many people interested in electric vehicles prohibitive. Therefore, some people turn the electric vehicle battery charging performance as the real bottleneck in the development of electric vehicles.
Mainly used in battery technology is the length of each of the lithium battery and super capacitor technology, lithium battery and super capacitor. The lithium-ion battery energy storage density of 120 W / kg to 150 W / kg, the super capacitor energy storage density is low, 5 W / kg. But low power density of lithium batteries, 1 kW / kg, the super-capacitor power density of 10 kW / kg. A lot of research work focused on improving the power density of lithium-ion battery or increase in these two areas of the super capacitor energy storage density, but the challenge is enormous.
New research through the use of the Graphene this magical materials, bypassing the challenge. Preferred graphene become the new energy storage device has the following characteristics: it is now known to the highest electrical conductivity of the material is five times higher than copper; has a strong cooling capacity; low density four times lower than copper, the weight lighter ; the surface area of ??carbon nanotubes twice the strength of more than steel; high Young's modulus and the highest intrinsic strength; specific surface area (ie per unit mass of material has a total area); not easy replacement reaction.
The new equipment allows the electric vehicle fully charged less than 1 minute.
New energy storage devices, also known as graphene surface lithium ion exchange battery, or simply the surface mediated by cells (SMCS), which focused on the advantages of lithium batteries and super capacitors, while both the characteristics of high power density and high energy storage density . Although the storage device has not yet been optimized materials and structures, but the performance has exceeded the lithium-ion battery and super capacitor. The new equipment power density (ie, battery output power divided by the weight of the entire fuel cell system or volume) to 100 kW / kg, higher than that of commercial lithium-ion battery 100 times, 10 times higher than the super capacitor. High power density, the energy transfer rate is high, the charging time will be shortened. In addition, the new battery energy storage density of 160 W / kg, equivalent to commercial lithium-ion battery is 30 times higher than the traditional super capacitor. The greater the energy storage density, the more stored energy.
SMC key to the cathode and anode of a very large graphene surface. In the manufacture of batteries, lithium metal at the anode. The first discharge, the lithium metal ion migration through the electrolyte to the cathode. Ions through the hole of the graphene surface to the cathode. In the process of charging the graphene electrode surface area, a large number of lithium-ion can quickly migrate from the cathode to the anode, the formation of high power density and high energy density. The researchers explained that the lithium ion exchange in the porous electrode surface can eliminate the time required by the intercalation process. In the study, the researchers prepared a variety of different types of graphene oxide and graphene and multilayer graphene graphene materials in order to optimize the material configuration of the device. The next step will focus on the cycle life of the battery. The present study shows that recharged 1,000 times, you can retain 95% capacity; charging 2000 not yet found the formation of the crystal structure. The researchers also plan to explore the influence of different lithium storage mechanism on the device performance.
Studies have shown that, in the same weight, only the SMC substitution of lithium-ion batteries are not yet optimized, the same driving distance of the SMC or lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, but the SMC charge time of less than a minute, while the lithium-ion batteries need a few hours. The researchers believe that the performance of the SMC will be better optimized.
If in the future of electric vehicles widely popular, charging stations set up at the gas station, the result will be a very interesting scenario, that is, electric vehicle charging time than refueling faster, and cheaper than refueling. The researchers said that in addition to electric vehicles, the device can also be used for renewable energy storage (such as storage of solar and wind) and smart grid.
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