Lorin Varencove Maazel was born in Neuilly, France, of American
parents, on March 6, 1930 and the family returned to Los Angeles when Lorin
was still an infant. He exhibited a remarkable ear and musical memory
when very young; he had perfect pitch and sang back what he heard. He
was taken at age five to study violin with Karl Moldrem. At age seven
he started studying piano with Fanchon Armitage. When he became
fascinated with conducting, his parents took him to symphony concerts,
then arranged for him to have lessons with Vladimir Bakaleinikov, then
assistant conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic
.
At the age of eight, the University of Idaho orchestra visited Los
Angeles. Bakaleinikov arranged for his eight-year-old pupil to conduct
them in Schubert
's "Unfinished" b minor symphony. (Maazel
was quick with languages as well; he learned to speak Russian from
studying with Bakaleinikov.) In 1938 Bakaleinikov obtained a position
as assistant conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
. The Maazel
family followed him east so that Lorin
could continue his studies with him. Lorin
went to the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan in the summer.
On August 18, 1939, the National Music Camp Orchestral appeared at the
New York World's Fair, and Lorin
conducted it in a work. His appearance created a sensation, although
some critics were negative, comparing the feat to the performance of a
trained seal.
However, by 1941 Maazel
had shown that he was a real conductor. He led an entire concert by the
NBC Symphony Orchestra, earning a commendation from its music director,
Arturo Toscanini
. The next year, he conducted a complete program with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra
and conducted a few other orchestras, including the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
. At that point a halt was called to such displays, and Maazel
concentrated on rounding out his education. He concentrated on the
violin and gave his first recital on the instrument in Pittsburgh in
1945. In the same year he became first violinist of the Fine Arts
Quartet. In 1948 he joined the orchestra as a member of the violin
section. He was appointed "apprentice conductor" of the orchestra in
1949 and occupied that position until 1951. In that year he went to
Italy on a Fulbright Scholarship for research in Baroque music. There,
his first conducting appearance as a adult took place on December 21,
1952, in Catania. He began conducting elsewhere in Italy, then in
Austria and Germany. He conducted at the Florence May Festival in 1955,
at the Vienna Festival in 1957, and made his London debut in 1960 in a
BBC Symphony Orchestra concert, making the then-rare choice of a Maler
Symphony, being praised for the performance's power and for his control
over the structure of the work. In the same year he conducted Wagner
's "Lohengrin" at the Bayreuth Festival, being the first American to conduct at the annual Wagner Festival there.
In 1962 he led the National Orchestra of France on an American
tour; On November 1 of the same year he made a debut at the
Metropolitan Opera leading Mozart
's
"Don Giovanni." He then began touring widely as a guest conductor. He
visited Japan and the USSR in 1963. In 1965 he both conducted and
produced a performance of Tchaikovsky
's
opera "Eugene Onegin." In the same year he was appointed artistic
director of the Deutshe Oper in West Berlin (1965-1971) and the (West) Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra
(1965-1975). As head of the opera company he conducted mostly standard repertory, and premiered Luigi Dallapiccola
's
opera "Ulisse" in 1968. While he ended his opera association in 1971,
he retained the orchestral post, as well as taking on the positions of
associate principal conductor of the New Philharmonic Orchestra of
London (1970-1972) and music director of the Cleveland Orchestra
(1972-1982), accepting the very difficult job of filling the shoes of the just-deceased conductor George Szell
. Maazel
filled that position with excellent results. The orchestra stayed at
the same level of discipline and took on a rather more colorful surface
to essentially the same "Cleveland sound" that Szell
had instilled in them. He led the orchestra on ten major international
tours and produced fine recordings with several record companies,
including making some of the earliest and best-sounding recordings in
the new digital technology with Telarc Records of Cleveland. He
expanded the scope of the orchestra's repertory, bringing in new
European works in styles that had not been to Szell
's liking. He began producing staged operas within the regular concert season of the orchestra.
A very hard worker, Maazel
also guest conducted considerably and in 1976 added another orchestra
when he was appointed principal guest conductor of the New Philharmonic
Orchestra (until 1980), and yet another in 1977 as chief conductor of
the French National Orchestra (until 1982, when he became principal
guest conductor (until 1988 when he became Music director (until
1991))). In the midst of this he became the regular conductor of the
famous Vienna Philharmonic
New Year's Day Concerts, which he retained through the 1986 concert. He
resigned from his Cleveland position and was named music director
emeritus in 1982. In that year he began a four-year contract as
artistic director and general manager of the Vienna State Opera, the
first American to hold that position. However, a change of leadership
in Austria's Ministry of Culture resulted in political squabbles over
artistic policies, and Maazel
felt compelled to resign in 1984 He became "music consultant" to the
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in 1984, was named its music adviser and
principal guest conductor in 1986, and in the same year was made its
music director.
Maazel
has had a distinguished recording career. He has won the Grand Prix de
Disque of Paris and the Edison Prize from the Netherlands. His
recording for Deutsche Grammophon of
Ravel
's
opera "L'Enfant et les Sortileges" is a classic that has never been out
of print and has been counted as the greatest recording of that
masterwork since it appeared in the 1960s. He conducted the complete
symphonies of
Sibelius
and
Tchaikovsky
with the
Vienna Philharmonic
in the 1960s for Decca (London); the former, in particular, is one of
the distinguished recordings of the great Finnish composer's seven
symphonies.
Maazel
also maintained his skills as a violinist; one of his famous recordings was as soloist and conductor in the five
Mozart
violin concertos with
the English Chamber Orchestra
.
Maazel
has been married twice: to Brazilian-American pianist Miriam Sandbank
and to Israeli pianist Israela Margolit; both marriages ended in
divorce. He has received the Sibelius Prize of Finland, the Commander's
Cross of the Order of Merit from West Germany, and other honors and
honorary degrees
Issaquah, WA, indie rock trio
Modest Mouse
was formed in 1993 by vocalist/guitarist
Isaac Brock
, bassist
Eric Judy
, and drummer
Jeremiah Green
. After honing their muscular sound in "The Shed" -- a makeshift practice space built by
Brock
on the land next to his mother's trailer --
Modest Mouse
entered
Calvin Johnson
's Dub Narcotic Studios to cut their 1994 self-titled debut single, released on
Johnson
's
K Records label. Following a move to the Up label, the trio issued two
1996 LPs, This Is a Long Drive for Someone With Nothing to Think About
and
Interstate 8
. After returning to K,
Modest Mouse
released
The Fruit That Ate Itself
in 1997; its follow-up from later that year,
The Lonesome Crowded West
,
was the band's breakthrough, and in the wake of a major-label bidding
war, they signed to Sony. The rarities collection Building Nothing out
of Something appeared on Up in early 2000, followed later that year by
their long-awaited Epic debut,
The Moon & Antarctica
. In 2001, the band issued the
Everywhere and His Nasty Parlor Tricks
EP and K released
Sad Sappy Sucker
, a "lost album" that was intended to be the group's full-length debut back in 1994.
Brock
kept busy with his
Ugly Casanova
side project, which delivered
Sharpen Your Teeth
in 2002.
Modest Mouse
finally returned in 2004 with
Good News for People Who Love Bad News
, their best-received record and a Top 40 hit as well. For their next record,
Brock
enlisted the help of former
Smiths
guitarist
Johnny Marr
,
who not only added his songwriting and playing skills to We Were Dead
Before the Ship Even Sank -- which was released in early 2007 -- but
also toured with the band as a membe
The fact that
Sara Ayers
has built a fairly successful career as a new
age artist after spending most of the late '70s and early '80s in and
out of punk-orientated bar bands only speaks to her broad musical
vision and far-reaching influences. Perhaps her most successful early
effort was with punk-influenced Dial Tones, who provided local support
for the Ramones and Joe Jackson. Over the course of the next few years,
Ayers paid her dues with an astounding number of projects and
collaborations, including the Dialtones and AKA/etc. By 1985, Ayers had
moved toward more synth and keyboard-driven ambient music, and in that
year, debuted under her own name, releasing the Fluorochrome cassette
on Blog Records. From 1985 to 1994 she appeared on only three
compilations, (two of which were cassette-only), but in 1997, released
her Voices full-length on Dark Wood Recordings. Rich with synth and
vocal soundscapes, she started gaining popularity through a strong
Internet presence and support within the new age community. The
full-length Sylvatica followed in 1999 on Dark Wood Recordings, delving
deeper into the very synthetic, ambient new age.
Sara Ayers