my English reminder(Oleic acid)

Oleic acid
Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.
It is an odorless, colourless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish.
In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid.

It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH.

The term "oleic" means related to, or derived from, oil or olive, the oil of which is predominantly derived from oleic acid.

CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O

(9Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid

Other names
(9Z)-Octadecenoic acid
(Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid
cis-Δ9-Octadecenoic acid
Oleic acid
18:1 cis-9

Molecular formula
C18H34O2
Molar mass
282.4614 g/mol
Appearance
Pale yellow or brownish yellow
oily liquid with lard-like odor
Density
0.895 g/mL
Melting point
13-14 °C (286 K)

Boiling point
360 °C (633 K) (760mm Hg)

Solubility in water Insoluble
Solubility in methanol Soluble

Fatty acids (or as their salts) do not often occur as such in biological systems.
Instead fatty acids like oleic acid occur as their esters, commonly the triglycerides, which are the greasy materials in many natural oils.
Via the process of saponification, the fatty acids can be obtained.

Triglyceride esters of oleic acid compose the majority of olive oil, although there may be less than 2.0% as free acid in the virgin olive oil, with higher concentrations making the olive oil inedible.
It also makes up 59-75% of pecan oil,
36-67% of peanut oil,15-20% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, and sesame oil,and 14% of poppyseed oil.
It is abundantly present in many animal fats, constituting 37 to 56% of chicken and turkey fat and 44 to 47% of lard.

Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue.

Oleic acid is emitted by the decaying corpses of a number of insects, including bees and Pogonomyrmex ants, and triggers the instincts of living workers to remove the dead bodies from the hive.
If a live bee or ant is daubed with oleic acid, it is dragged off for disposal as if it were dead.
The oleic acid smell also may indicate danger to living insects, prompting them to avoid others who have succumbed to disease or places where predators lurk.

my English reminder(the article of health risks)

'Inactive' phthalates widespread in medications.
Feb 06, 2011

Kelley, KE, S Hernandez-Diaz, EL Chaplin, R Hauser and AA Mitchell. 2011. Identification of phthalates in medications and dietary supplement formulations in the U.S. and Canada. Environmental Health Perspectives http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103998.
Synopsis by Steven Neese

The use of phthalates as inactive ingredients in medicines and supplements is common but possible health risks from these exposures is not known.

Researchers from Boston University and Harvard University found more than 100 different prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements contain phthalates as inactive ingredients. That is, the chemicals do not act as medicines but instead carry and deliver the medicinal ingredients.
It's no secret that pharmaceuticals contain phthalates. The chemicals are sometimes listed as ingredients, and they have been measured in urine in people with chronic diseases – such as cystic fibrosis – who take a lot of medications.
What's surprising is the extent of their use in such different types of products, including nutritional supplements. The exposures and possible health risks from the widespread sources remain unknown. However, any increase in exposure levels to these chemicals from dietary and medicinal sources is concerning because of health effects associated with certain phthalates.
Some phthalates – including DBP and DEHP – may pose health risks to people. Animal studies show these chemicals can alter developmental and reproductive processes. But many of those found in the medicines have not been studied for health effects.
Phthalates are best known as plastic softeners and liquid stabilizers. Medical tubing, food packaging and personal care products such as perfumes and fingernail polish contain the chemicals. Their widespread use in common products means human exposure is ubiquitous.
In the study, researchers determined the inactive ingredients of medicinal pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements in the U.S. and Canada sold since 1995. To determine their use in products, they reviewed a variety of reference books and electronic databases, product packages and direct communication with manufacturers.
The findings suggest phthalates are commonly used in a variety of pharmaceuticals and supplements. Modified delivery systems – that is, controlled, delayed or targeted release – tended to use phthalates more often.
A variety of dietary supplements – including fish oil, garlic, vitamins B and C, and probiotics – often used these chemicals.
Their use varied widely among manufacturers, with similar products often containing different formulations of the "inactive" ingredients. A change in the use of, or phasing out of some of these chemicals was also common across time, making it difficult to properly track use in some pills.
Inactive ingredients – those compounds that play a role in preparation, stability and delivery of a pill – are regulated in FDA-approved drug products. The use of these ingredients in over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements are less regulated and often not required to be listed on the product package.
DBP and DEP were common phthalates identified, but the degree of risk to human health from these sources is unknown. Many of the other phthalates identified in this study are either not considered toxic at low doses or not enough information is available to determine toxicity.
Due to the extensive use of medications and dietary supplements, these results suggest some concern for human exposure to these unknown inactive ingredients.

my English reminder(remind)

This picture reminds me of our holiday.

=When I see this picture I'm reminded of our holiday.

=I always remember our holiday when I see this picture.



この写真を見るとあの休日のことを思い出す



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Don't remind me.

思い出させないでよ！

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That reminds me. I must meet him at once.

それで思い出した！彼に会わなくちゃならないんだ！

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This will remind that he has to meet the train.

これを見れば、彼は列車に乗っている人を迎えに行かなければならない事を思い出すだろう。

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Her eyes reminded me of the stars.

彼女の目を見て私は星を連想した。

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She reminds me very much of her sister.

彼女はとてもお姉さんに似ている。

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I reminded him of our dinner this evening.

今晩の夕飯のことを忘れないようにと彼に言ってやった。

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She reminded me about our plans to go shopping.

買い物に行くことになっているのを忘れないでと彼女は私に念を押した。

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I reminded her about where we met.

私たちがどこで会ったか彼女に思い出させた。

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Did you remind him about that book he borrowed?

= Did you remind him that he had not yet returned that book?

彼が借りた本のことを彼に思い出させてやりましたか?(まだ返してもらっていなくて、返して欲しい時)

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Smokers do not want to be reminded that smoking kills.

タバコを吸う人は喫煙が命取りになることを思い出したがらない。

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remind

～に(～を)思い出させる< of / about >

～に(～ということを)気づかせる< that /wh節>

～に(～することを)思い出させる< to do >






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