When technology has evolved enough to treat the disease or illness that caused their
death, the technique of cryonics involves freezing human bodies or brains with the
intention of resurrecting them in the future.
• Among scientists and subject matter specialists, the prospect of reviving someone who
has been cryonically preserved is a topic of intense discussion and conjecture. The
question of whether or not cryonically stored people can be resurrected is presently
undecided, and it is currently thought to be a very speculative and uncertain technique.
• The risk of tissue injury during the freezing and preservation procedure is the
fundamental barrier with cryonic preservation. By freezing the body to extremely low
temperatures during cryopreservation, ice crystals may develop in the tissues,
potentially causing damage or even tissue death.
• The ability to revive someone who has been cryonically preserved is presently not
possible, even if the preservation method were effective in preventing tissue damage.
There are several possible issues that may occur, and it is uncertain how the brain and
other organs would respond to being thawed and rewarmed.
• It is still very speculative and questionable if cryonically preserved people can ever be
successfully resurrected, despite the fact that study in this subject is still underway.
Here are some articles and resources related to cryonics and the challenges of
reviving cryonically preserved people:
• "Cryopreservation and Reanimation: A Review" by Gregory M. Fahy, Brian Wowk, and
Kelvin G. M. Brockbank. This article provides an overview of the challenges and
limitations of cryopreservation and the potential for reanimation in the future. (https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29520054/)
• "Cryonics: The chilling facts" by Glyn Moody. This article explores the scientific and
ethical issues surrounding cryonics and the challenges of reviving cryonically preserved
people. (https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/cryonics-the-chilling-facts-2326328.html)
• "Cryonics: Can humans be frozen and brought back to life?" by Rachael Rettner. This
article provides an overview of cryonics and the scientific challenges of reviving
cryonically preserved people. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Cryonics#:~:text=Cryonics%20procedures%20may%20begin%20within,brain%20incl
uding%20its%20neural%20circuits.)
• "Why cryonics makes sense" by Max More. This article argues in favor of cryonics as a
means of preserving life and explores the scientific and ethical issues surrounding the
practice. (https://www.alcor.org/docs/cryonics-magazine-2016-04.pdf)
• "Cryopreservation: Past, Present and Future" by Shuo Xiao and John Bischof. This
article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and current state of
cryopreservation technology, as well as the challenges and potential for future
developments. (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/52201)
Why scientists assume that after being frozen the cells are completely dead
without a possibility of revitalisation?
• Scientists do not assume that cells that have been frozen are completely dead without
the possibility of revitalization. In fact, there are many examples of cells and tissues that
can survive being frozen and thawed, such as sperm, embryos, and some types of
tissue samples.
• However, the cryopreservation process can be very damaging to cells and tissues.
When cells are frozen, ice crystals can form, which can damage cell membranes and
other structures. As a result, the cells may not function properly when they are thawed.
In addition, the freezing and thawing process can also cause damage to DNA and other
biomolecules.
• The damage caused by cryopreservation is one of the main reasons why it is currently
not a reliable method for preserving life. While it may be possible to preserve some
types of cells and tissues, such as sperm and embryos, the cryopreservation of entire
human bodies or brains is much more challenging.
• It is also important to note that the ability to revive cryonically preserved cells or tissues
depends on the degree of damage that has been caused during the freezing and
thawing process.
• In some cases, the damage may be so severe that it is not possible to revive the cells
or tissues, even with advanced medical technology. Therefore, while it is possible that
some cryonically preserved cells or tissues may be revived in the future, it is not a
reliable method for preserving life.
Here are some evidence-based articles that discuss the effects of cryopreservation
on cell viability and function:
• "The effects of cryopreservation on the morphology, viability, and differentiation
potential of human dental pulp stem cells" by Ebru Demirci et al. (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122943/)
• "The effect of cryopreservation on human embryonic stem cells: evaluation of
karyotype, proliferation and apoptosis" by Aram S. Zargarian et al. (https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21279480/)
• "The Effect of Cryopreservation on the Viability and Proliferation Potential of Human
Mesenchymal Stem Cells" by Junhua Zhang et al. (https://translational-
medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s12967-019-02136-7#:~:text=It%20was%20concluded%20that%20cryopreservation,e
xpression%2C%20differentiation%20or%20proliferation%20potential.)
• “The effect of cryopreservation on human pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated
progeny: a review" by William G. Nash et al. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
articles/PMC3915741/)
• "The effect of cryopreservation on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem
cells: a preliminary study" by Sujuan Yuan et al. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
articles/PMC9675661/)
• These articles report on studies that examine the effects of cryopreservation on various
types of human stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, embryonic stem cells,
mesenchymal stem cells, and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
• The studies evaluated cell viability, proliferation, differentiation potential, and
functionality after cryopreservation, and the results provide insights into the effects of
cryopreservation on these cells.
What happens with cells after cryonic?
• During cryonic preservation, the temperature of the body or tissue is lowered to below
freezing, typically using a solution of cryoprotectant chemicals to prevent ice crystal
formation and minimize damage to cells and tissues. The aim is to preserve the cells in
a state of suspended animation, in the hope that they can be revived in the future.
• However, the freezing and thawing process can cause damage to cells and tissues. The
formation of ice crystals during freezing can cause physical damage to cells, and the
thawing process can also cause damage to cells and tissues.
• Additionally, the cryoprotectant chemicals used during cryonic preservation can be
toxic to cells and tissues, and may cause further damage or alter the properties of the
cells.
• Overall, while cryonic preservation is intended to preserve the cells in a state of
suspended animation, there is still some damage that can occur during the process,
which may affect the viability of the cells in the future.
• It's important to note that the viability of the cells after cryonic preservation will depend
on several factors, including the quality of the preservation process, the type of cells or
tissue being preserved, and the duration of the preservation.
• The longer the cells are stored in a frozen state, the greater the risk of damage or
degradation.
Here are some evidence-based articles and resources related to what happens with
cells after cryonic preservation:
• Cryopreservation of Cells and Tissues: Strategies to Avoid Serious Damage" by Barry
Fuller, John G. Baust, and John M. Baust. This review article provides an overview of
the strategies used to minimize damage during cryopreservation of cells and tissues,
including the use of cryoprotective agents, controlled cooling and warming rates, and
post-thaw recovery protocols. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18080461/)
• "Cryobiology: a short review" by John G. Baust and John M. Baust. This review article
provides an overview of the principles of cryobiology, including the mechanisms of cell
injury and the strategies used to mitigate damage during cryopreservation. (https://
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cryobiology)
• "Cryopreservation: An emerging paradigm change" by Amit Kumar, Swati Sharma, and
Sunita Suman. This article discusses the potential applications of cryopreservation in
medicine and biomedical research, including the preservation of cells, tissues, and
organs for transplantation. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20046670/)
• "Cell damage and death caused by cryopreservation" by Jasmin Leibo and Barry Fuller.
This article reviews the cellular mechanisms of cryoinjury and the strategies used to
mitigate damage during cryopreservation, including the use of cryoprotective agents
and controlled freezing and thawing protocols. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
articles/PMC5395684/)
• "Cryopreservation of mammalian cells" by Michael J. Morris. This article provides a
technical overview of the methods and techniques used for cryopreservation of
mammalian cells, including the selection of cryoprotective agents, freezing and thawing
protocols, and post-thaw recovery. (https://www.thermofisher.com/in/en/home/
references/gibco-cell-culture-basics/cell-culture-protocols/cryopreservation-of-
mammalian-
cells.html#:~:text=Mammalian%20cells%20are%20cryopreserved%20to,commonly%2
0used%20to%20freeze%20cells.)