Used batteries on the dangers of

1998 set the "national list of hazardous waste on mercury, cadmium, zinc, lead, chromium and hazardous waste:

Mercury: The mercury that is, mercury is a liquid metal. Proportion of 13.6, -39.3 ° C melting point, boiling point 357 degrees Celsius. Mercury can evaporate at room temperature, its vapor is colorless and odorless, seven times heavier than air. Mercury and its compounds toxicity, especially the more toxic organic compounds of mercury. Fish life in the mercury content of 0.01-0.02 mg / liter in water will be poisoned; who consumption of 0.1 grams of mercury will be poisoned to death. Mercury and its compounds into the human body through various means such as respiratory, skin or digestive tract. When mercury enters the body, gather at the site of the liver, kidney, brain, heart and bone marrow, causing nerve poisoning and deep tissue lesions caused by fatigue, dizziness, trembling, bleeding gums, alopecia, numbness, neurasthenia symptoms, and even mental confusion, and then crazy cramps to death. Organic mercury can enter the placenta, fetal congenital mercury poisoning, or deformities, or dementia. Mercury toxicity is cumulative, often years or ten years can be reflected.

Considerable enrichment capacity for mercury in the food chain. Such as freshwater fish and phytoplankton mercury enrichment factor of 1,000 freshwater invertebrate, one hundred thousand marine plants of one hundred, two hundred thousand marine animals. Eating mercury-contaminated aquatic products, resulting in methylmercury poisoning, off. Dizziness, limbs, peripheral numbness, memory loss, mental disorders and even death, but also affect pregnant women, fetal malformations. Mercury thermometer in the family, it is dangerous!

Lead: Lead in the molecular weight of 278, is a heavy metal elements, heavy metals enter the human body causes the body's protein denaturation, which is the normal function of protein damaged, so that the body can not function normally. The consumption of leaded food enzymes and normal hemoglobin synthesis, affecting the system of God, lead accumulation in bone and kidney, there is a potential long-term effects.

Activity in the human body lead is far higher than the activity of calcium, iron, zinc, and therefore enter the body when the lead poisoning, it would essential zinc, iron, calcium ion replacement out, so that the body showed calcium deficiency, lack of The symptoms of iron deficiency, zinc deficiency, which is also why in today's polluted environment, children more prone to iron deficiency, zinc deficiency, calcium deficiency, the real reason. In other words in order to fundamentally solve the child iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, zinc deficiency symptoms can be achieved only after removing lead.

The study found that children exposed to toxic lead exposure after the character has changed. They found that children become restless, do not like the original, so obedient, and aggressive. Setbacks, often become very violent. The discovery of the mothers has been scientifically proven - and now, people all know, lead and cognitive damage, learning disabilities, and may make them unable to complete all the behavior of secondary school related.

If the child has learning difficulties, hyperactivity, inattention, and a sudden drop in results, it is likely to lead poisoning to blame. Some children sit all day, always want to kick things off, do not control themselves, it could be a precursor of lead poisoning. Lead is a neurotoxic heavy metal elements, the nervous system of children is rapidly developing resistance to external toxic substances, the most vulnerable. Studies have shown that children of lead absorption rate is 50% higher than in adults.

Children's blood lead levels for each increase of 100 micrograms / l, and their IQ to drop to 6-8. In addition, the body of the high blood lead children tend to be lower than normal children, may also lead to anemia.

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VRLA battery equalizing charge principle

VRLA battery equalizing charge principle, VRLA battery (hereinafter referred to as valve-regulated batteries) saving investment, easy installation, safe, reliable, easy to use features in the actual valve-regulated sealed lead acid battery (hereinafter referred to as the valve-regulated batteries) saving investment, easy installation, safe, reliable, easy to use features, has been widely used in practical applications. Lack of understanding of their use requirement, and follows the old system of equalizing charge, cause greater harm to the battery.

A. Cancel the equalizing charge of the grounds

(1) What is a balanced charge

The so-called equalizing charge is balanced characteristics of the battery charging is in the battery during use, because the individual differences of the battery, the temperature difference causes the battery terminal voltage imbalance, in order to avoid the trend of deterioration of this imbalance, the need to improve battery The group's charge voltage, battery charge activation.

(2) without equalizing charge the reasons for

First, the concept of the concept of equalizing charge is a large majority of valve-regulated batteries are clearly old-fashioned lead-acid battery voltage balance into thoroughly. " "Batteries not form acid layer, without the need for a balanced charge. 2.4V single battery charge voltage of the definition of accelerated charge, namely "FASTCHARGE, rather than" EQUATION.

Secondly, the equalizing charge have a valve-regulated battery damage. Equalizing charge voltage are higher for most battery float voltage. At this point, most of the normal battery in the charging status. Not compound the gas formed in the battery internal pressure, the pressure exceeds the safety control valve threshold, the valve opens, the gas discharged from the control valve.

The maintenance of the battery, along with the process of equalizing charge is the adjustment of the proportion of the battery, that is the way to add distilled water to add water in order to maintain the equilibrium of the battery. But in the maintenance-free battery, under the existing maintenance system is not, add water, so that will inevitably result in the battery water loss, the battery dry.

Two. After the abolition of the equalizing charge, how to ensure the consistency of the battery terminal voltage.

(1) the decisive factor of the battery terminal voltage

Firstly, it depends on, the concentration of electrolyte and electrode materials. Battery dehydration, electrolyte concentration is bound to increase, so that the battery terminal voltage increases. Secondly, the safety valve opening. Such as the safety valve the pressure is too low, will inevitably lead to premature water loss in battery terminal voltage rises. In addition, the series between the battery connection status is different, float, there will be charging less. When the battery encountered deep discharge recovery charge, it is difficult to restore, which will cause the battery voltage is low.

(2) battery terminal voltage to ensure means

Since the battery terminal voltage inconsistency, not allow the battery equalizing charge, then how to ensure the consistency of the battery terminal voltage? First from a battery of raw materials, production processes to ensure the consistency of the battery voltage. For example, the choice of battery materials, especially the choice of electrolyte, plates, pressure control valves and other key materials. Second, we must ensure that the quality of the batteries are installed, to ensure the consistency of the battery installation status. For example, the battery connection, torque balance. Also in the maintenance of attention. For some behind the battery to a recovery charge, but also appropriate to adjust the electrolyte of the battery; should periodically check the working status of the pressure valve.

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Electric vehicles should not be charging home po

The city layout of electric vehicle charging piles, "can charge at home?" One charge electricity to run away ah? "

Driving range of more than one hundred kilometers

"Compared to traditional fuel vehicles, in addition to the use of low-cost, driving zero-emission, low noise, high energy efficiency, diversification of energy sources, electric vehicles are also unsatisfactory." Quanzhou electrical Bureau sources said the electric car a relatively short driving range, battery technology is not mature enough, pure electric vehicles use lithium batteries are more expensive and other shortcomings.

According to reports, the use of electric vehicles on the market on a single charge driving range is generally 100-300 km. However, this figure needs to maintain an appropriate speed, and good battery conditioning system can be guaranteed, the vast majority of electric vehicles under normal driving environment driving range of about 100-200 km. "In addition to the relatively short driving range, battery technology has not yet been a breakthrough." Quanzhou Electric Power Bureau of the above-mentioned persons to reporters calculations: the good performance of the battery charge and discharge times of up to 1000 times calculated by charging and discharging 200 times a year, the life of a battery in about 5 years. In addition, the existing battery quality and larger.

The charging station 20 minutes can be filled with 60% power

Quanzhou will build the first charge pile, people are amazed that the era of electric vehicles may really want to. However, many people are most concerned about is whether electric vehicles like electric bikes, like the use of home power outlet charging. According to present information, these people of Quanzhou Electric Power Bureau does not recommend using this charging mode.

It is reported that electric vehicle charging can be divided into slow charge and fast charge, slow charge and charging facilities of power, automotive power the size of the time is not the same. These people to BYD F3e electric vehicles, for example, said the battery rated capacity of 120 A, the power supply of the average family of 4 kW, while ensuring that other electrical electricity, the allowable charge current is smaller (approximately a maximum of 8-10 A), electric vehicle charging time is very long. On the other hand, the electric car's battery charge and discharge the technical requirements to ensure the safety of the charge and discharge and extend battery life and reliability require special management system (BMS) battery system to charge and discharge process to monitor and management. Household outlet for charging do not have this technology. "

Electric vehicle charging facilities can be divided into the AC charging pile and charging station two categories. AC charging the Pile power is generally not more than 7 kilowatts, and charging stations to the power of a single charging facilities 7 kilowatts, 10 kilowatts and 30 kilowatts, 60 kilowatts, such as four grades. The charging station from the scale is divided into large, medium, small, electric power of 90-300 kilowatts, which can accommodate 3-10 of electric vehicles and charging. With the popularization of electric vehicles, the residential area, parking will also be gradually supporting the construction of AC charging pile, so that the charging of electric vehicles more convenient.

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DC stabilized power supply type and the basics o

Stable DC power supply type and the basics, types and selection of the DC stabilized power supply: DC stabilized power supply can be divided into the customary chemical power, linear and stable power supply and switching stable power supply, they are respectively

DC stabilized power supply type and selection:

DC stabilized power supply can be divided into the customary chemical power, the linear stability of stable power supply of the power supply and switching them separately with a variety of different types:

Chemical power sources.

We normally use batteries, lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion batteries fall into this category, each with its advantages and disadvantages. With the development of science and technology, intelligent battery; in rechargeable battery materials, a US-developed members found that manganese iodide, it can create a cheap, compact, discharge time, still maintaining performance after repeated recharging good environmentally friendly rechargeable batteries.

Linear stability of power

Linear stability of power supply has a common characteristic is its power devices adjust the pipe work in the linear region, rely on the voltage drop between the adjustment tube to stabilize the output. Static loss adjustment control, you need to install a large radiator heat to it. Transformer in the power frequency (50Hz), so the weight.

Class power advantages of high stability, small ripple, high reliability, easy made the multi-channel output is continuously adjustable finished. The disadvantage is that the bulky, relatively bulky, relatively low efficiency. There are a variety of such stable power supply, power supply and stabilized power supply and set regulator output nature can be divided into steady flow in a steady flow regulator (bistable) power. Output value from the point of view can be divided into fixed-point output power, band switch adjustable potentiometers continuously adjustable in several. Separable from the output indicates that the pointer indication type and digital display type and so on.

Switching DC power supply.

A linear regulated power supply stable power supply is a switching DC power supply, circuit type single-ended flyback, single ended forward, half bridge, push-pull and full bridge. The fundamental difference between it and the linear power is that it is the transformer does not work but work in the tens of kHz to several megahertz in the frequency. Function of tube is not working in the saturation and cutoff switch state; switching power supply, hence the name.

Switching power supply has the advantage of small size, light weight, stable and reliable; and shortcomings relative to the linear power supply ripple is large (typically ≤ 1% of VO (PP), good can be done a dozen mV (PP) or smaller ). Its power from a few watts - a few kilowatts of both products. The price of 3 yuan - more than 10 yuan / watt, the following general customary classification introduces several switching power supply:

1 AC / DC power supply

Class power, also known as a power supply it to obtain energy from the grid through high voltage rectifier, a DC high voltage, for DC / DC converter to get one or several stable DC voltage at the output power from a few watts - a few kilowatts products for different occasions. Variety of specifications of models of such products, according to user needs and the communication power in a power supply (AC220 input, DC48V or 24V output) also falls into this category.

② the DC / DC power supply

In the communication system, also known as the secondary power supply, which is to provide a DC input voltage, after transformation by the DC / DC at the output by the one or more DC voltage by a power supply or DC battery pack.

③ communication power

Communication power is essentially a DC / DC converter power supply, except that it generally DC-48V or-24V power supply and backup battery for the backup of the DC power supply, DC supply voltage conversion circuit voltage, generally it points to a central power supply three kinds of hierarchical power and veneer supply, the highest reliability of the latter.

④ radio power

AC220V/110V of radio power input, the output DC13.8V power from the power supply sets of power may be several security hundreds of security are radio work in order to prevent the AC power grid, while the battery pack as a backup, so Such power, in addition to a 13.8V DC voltage of the output, but also has automatic conversion to charge the battery.

⑤ module power

With the rapid development of science and technology, power supply reliability, capacity / volume ratio requires high power module to show its superiority, it is high frequency, small size, high reliability, ease of installation and combination of expansion, so more and more widely used. At present, although there are corresponding module production, but the production process failed to catch up with international standards, a high failure rate.

DC / DC module power supply present, although the higher cost or cost-effective, but the overall cost of the product of a long cycle point of view, especially due to system failure caused by high maintenance costs and loss of goodwill of view, the choice of the power supply module cost-effective, is also worth mentioning that the the Roche converter circuit, the prominent advantage is the simple circuit structure, high efficiency and output voltage, current ripple value close to zero.

(6) special power

Small current of high voltage power supply, high current power, 400Hz input AC / DC power supply, etc., can be attributed to these can be selected according to specific needs. The price of the switching power supply is generally slightly higher in the $ 2-8 / W special low-power and high power supply price, up to 11-13 yuan / watt.

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Identify the authenticity of the battery 12 stro

Phone battery life is limited, so sometimes the phone is also good, but the battery has been very use by location and this time, buy a new mobile phone battery is a must the As a mobile phone user, how to choose the face of the counterfeit batteries of the flooded market? Now, I teach you a few tricks can help you to mention "ID query" mobile location "on the understanding of the cell phone battery.

A comparison of battery capacity size. Ni-Cd battery 500mAh or 600mAh Ni-MH battery, but also 800-900mAh; the capacity of the lithium-ion cell phone batteries generally between 1300-1400mAh, lithium-ion battery is fully charged.

Use of time is about 1.5 times that of Ni-MH battery, which is about 3.0 times the nickel-cadmium batteries. If you find that the lithium-ion cell phone batteries you buy blocks of work time and publicity, or the instructions on the provisions of long, there may be a fake.

(2) to see the plastic surfaces and plastic. Genuine battery wear uniform surface, using the PC material, embrittlement phenomena; counterfeit batteries wear surface is too rough, using recycled materials, easy to rattle.

All genuine mobile phone batteries, appearance should be neat, no more than the rest of the burr, the outer surface has some roughness and feel comfortable; the inner surface of the smooth feel, the light you can see fine vertical scratches. Same as the width of the piece of battery electrode and the cell phone battery, battery electrodes below the corresponding position marked with the [+] [-] mark, the same battery charging electrode isolation materials and shell materials, but not one.

For the original battery, the battery surface color texture clear, uniform, clean, no scratches and damage; battery logo should be printed on the battery model, type, rated capacity, standard voltage, positive and negative signs, the manufacturer's name. On mobile phones

Smooth feel to be non-blocking, elastic fit, and the hand with a good, reliable lock; metal piece scratches and black hair green phenomenon. If we buy cell phone batteries do not meet the above phenomenon, can be initially determined to be fake.

(5) At present, many mobile phone manufacturers are starting from their own point of view, efforts to improve the standard of workmanship, to increase the difficulty of forgery of the phone and its accessories, in order to further curb the proliferation of fake parallel. General regular mobile phone products and accessories requirements must be consistent in appearance. Therefore, if we bought the phone battery installed, you should carefully control the fuselage and battery bottom shell? Color, if the color and brightness consistency, is the original battery. Otherwise, the battery itself is dull dull, it is possible to leave the battery.

(6) Charging anomalies observed. General, genuine mobile phone batteries should be overcurrent protection device, external short circuit and other derivative] call flow through the large, automatic cut off the circuit, so as not to burn or damage the phone; lithium-ion battery is another over-current protection circuit, when the use is not standard electrical, AC electric current is too large will automatically cut off power supply, lead to charge into the battery normal circumstances, can be automatically restored to the conduction state. If we are in the process of charging batteries severe heat or smoke, or even an explosion, indicating that the battery is definitely false.

7, a close look at the security signs. Such as stickers hidden under the ramp NOKIA words, is one trick. Clarity is the original product; eclipse counterfeit products. If you take a closer look, may also find the manufacturer's name. For example, Motorola batteries, security trademark diamond-shaped, and from whatever point of view, all OK flashing a three-dimensional effect, and Motorola, Original, and printing and clear, would constitute a genuine On the contrary, once the color of dark, three-dimensional feeling, vague words, there may be fakes.

Measuring the charging voltage of the battery block. Use nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries counterfeit lithium-ion cell phone battery block, five single cells composed of a single battery charge voltage is generally not more than 1.55V, the total voltage of the battery block does not exceed 7.75V. When the battery charging voltage is below 8.0V, it is possible to nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries.

9 with special tools.

The face of the type of mobile phone batteries on the market more and more counterfeit technology is becoming more sophisticated, some large companies are constantly improving anti-counterfeiting technology, such as the new Nokia mobile phone battery, it is on the mark.

The special treatment, the need to use a special prism to identify, but only such a prism Nokia Corporation. Thus, with the improvement of anti-counterfeiting technology, we would be very difficult from the appearance of up to identify true and false.

10 using a special detector. The quality of mobile phone batteries, from the appearance difficult to distinguish the pros and cons. To this end, the market launch of a mobile phone battery tester, the battery tester on the voltage between 2.4V-6.0V, capacity 1999mAH lithium, nickel and other less than battery capacity, quality detection discrimination, and has a start, charge, discharge, and other functions. The whole process by a microprocessor according to the characteristics of the battery control, digital display of the measured voltage, current, capacity and other technical parameters.

11 lithium-ion cell phone batteries external generally marked with of English 7.2Vlithiumionbattery (lithium-ion battery), or 7.2Vlithiumsecondarybattery (lithium secondary battery), 7.2Vlithiumionrechargeablebattery lithium-ion rechargeable battery). The purchase of mobile phone batteries, be sure to see the battery block the appearance of the signs, to prevent did not see the battery type nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries mistaken for lithium-ion cell phone batteries.

Tell battery 12. Often neglected a small detail, that is, the contacts of the battery. True of a variety of brand-name mobile phone battery, the contacts are mostly after annealing should be matte, not shiny, so according to this preliminary determination of the authenticity of the cell phone battery. Also carefully look at the color of the contacts, fake cell phone battery contacts are often made of copper, so it is the color of red or white and they are really cell phone batteries should be such a pure golden yellow, red or white are likely to be false.

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