A: APB20
1. Changes in Accounting Principle
a. Retroactive-effect-type changes in accounting principle
> Recomputing beginning R/E
> Restatements F/S from earlier periods which is stated in the current periods F/S
5 special changes requiring retroactive effect:
1) LIFO to another ---> beg inventory evaluated by old unit cots
2) LT contracts
3) Cost method of accounting for exploration costs in the extractive industries
4) First issueing FS to public
5) By authoritative pronouncements
b. Cumulative-effect-type changes in accounting principle
> Reported in the current period's FS
> Special line item after extraordinary items in the income statements
> Reported net of tax amount
> Supplemental information for pro form EPS and net income for prior periods
2 exceptions:
1) To LIFO change --- unable to determine the cumulative effect
2) The application of a depreciation method to newly acquired assets
2. Changes in Accounting Estimates
> New information, experience may enable better estimation
> Treated as prospectively - no retroactive treatments
Examples:
Estimates of useful lives, salvage value, collectibility of receivables...
3. Changes in Reporting Entity
> Retroactively restating all of the prior perod FS presented
> Disclosure includes the effect of the change on the net income and EPS
B: FAS154 (replace APB 20 effective from fiscal year begging after 12/15/2005)
1. Changes in Accounting Principle
> no longer allows cummulative effect treatment
> Retrospective application of the new accounting principle to all prior periods
- Effect of changes are adjusted to opening balances
- FS for prior periods presented are adjusted to reflect period-specific effects
<---- allocate the cumulative effect to prior periods
2. Changes in Accounting Estimates
3. Changes in Reporting Entity
4. Correction of an Error
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