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"The Emperor Charles V
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CharlesVwasHoly Roman Emperor(1519-1556),King of Spainand ruler of thepanish Empire(as Charles I, 1516-1556),Archduke of Austria(as Charles I, 1519-1521), and ruler of theHabsburg Netherlands(1506-1555). Thepanish conquestof theAztecsandIncas, and theGerman colonisation of Venezuelaboth occurred during his reign. Charles V revitalized the medieval concept of theuniversal monarchyofCharlemagne and travelled from city to city, with no single fixed capital: overall he spent 28 years in theHabsburg Netherlands(primarilyBruxelles), 18 years in Spain (notablyToledoandExtremadura) and 9 years in Germany. After four decades of incessant warfare with theKingdom of France, theOttoman Empire, and theProtestants, Charles V abandoned his multi-national project with a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556 in favor of his sonPhilip II of Spainand brotherFerdinand I of Austria. Thepersonal unionof his European and American territories, spanning over nearly 4 million square kilometres, was the 
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