エキスパートシステム　Ⅲ【後半】脚注・出典　参考文献 教科書　歴史　関連項目　外部リンク

エキスパートシステム　Ⅱ【中半】推論エンジン利点　

 

脚注・出典

  1. ^ Jackson 1998, p. 2
  2. ^ Nwigbo Stella and Okechuku Chuks, School of Science Education, Expert system: a catalyst in educational development in Nigeria: "The ability of this system to explain the reasoning process through back-traces (...) provides an additional feature that conventional programming does not handle"
  3. ^ Regina Barzilay, Daryl McCullough, Owen Rambow, Jonathan DeCristofaro, Tanya Korelsky, Benoit Lavoie: "A new approach to expert system explanations"
  4. ^ Conventional programming
  5. ^ a b Cornelius T. Leondes (2002). Expert systems: the technology of knowledge management and decision making for the 21st century. pp. 1–22. ISBN 978-0-12-443880-4.
  6. ^ a b ACM 1998, I.2.1
  7. ^ a b Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 22−24
  8. ^ a b Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227–331
  9. ^ a b Nilsson 1998, chpt. 17.4
  10. ^ a b McCorduck 2004, pp. 327–335, 434–435
  11. ^ a b Crevier 1993, pp. 145–62, 197−203
  12. ^ Nwigbo Stella and Agbo Okechuku Chuks, School of Science Education, Expert system: a catalyst in educational development in Nigeria: "Knowledge-based systems collect the small fragments of human know-how into a knowledge-base which is used to reason through a problem, using the knowledge that is appropriated"
  13. ^ Koch, C. G.; Isle, B. A.; Butler, A. W. (1988). “Intelligent user interface for expert systems applied to power plant maintenance and troubleshooting”. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 3: 71. doi:10.1109/60.4202. 編集
  14. ^ McTear, M. F. (2002). “Spoken dialogue technology: Enabling the conversational user interface”. ACM Computing Surveys 34: 90. doi:10.1145/505282.505285. 編集
  15. ^ Lowgren, J. (1992). “The Ignatius environment: Supporting the design and development of expert-system user interfaces”. IEEE Expert 7 (4): 49–57. doi:10.1109/64.153464. 編集
  16. ^ George F. Luger and William A. Stubblefield, Benjamin/Cummings Publishers, Rule Based Expert System Shell: example of code using the Prolog rule based expert system shell
  17. ^ A. MICHIELS, INTRODUCTION A PROLOG ET AU TRAITEMENT DU LANGAGE NATUREL, Université de Liège, Belgique: "PROLOG, the first declarative language
  18. ^ Carnegie Mellon University's AI Web Site: "Prolog was the most popular AI language in Japan and probably in Europe"
  19. ^ Ivana Berković, Biljana Radulović and Petar Hotomski, University of Novi Sad, 2007, Extensions of Deductive Concept in Logic Programing and Some Applications: "the defects of PROLOG-system: the expansion concerning Horn clauses, escaping negation treatment as definite failure"
  20. ^ Prologは、性能面で通常のプログラミング言語より劣っているという批判もあった。
  21. ^ Dr. Nikolai Bezroukov, Softpanorama: "I think that most people exposed to Prolog remember strongly the initial disappointment. Language was/is so hyped but all you can see initially are pretty trivial examples that are solved by complex, obscure notation that lacks real expressive power: some of simple examples can be expressed no less concisely is many other languages"
  22. ^ Durkin, J. Expert Systems: Catalog of Applications. Intelligent Computer Systems, Inc., Akron, OH, 1993.
  23. ^ Giarratano & Riley, p. 21
  24. ^ Mycinのルールの例
  25. ^ Nabil Arman, Polytechnic University of Palestine, January 2007, Fault Detection in Dynamic Rule Bases Using Spanning Trees and Disjoin Sets
  26. ^ Kenneth Laudon, Jane Laudon, Eric Fimbel, "Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm", Business & Economics, 2010 edition, chapter 11-3.5: 多くのエキスパートシステムの実装には多大な開発工数がかかり、期間的にも費用的にも膨大となった。専門家を多数雇用して訓練した方がコストがかからないこともある、（中略） 一部の大規模なエキスパートシステムはあまりにも複雑なため、知識更新や修正のための保守費用が初期開発コストと同程度にまで膨らんでいる。
  27. ^ Systèmes Experts, April 15, 1990, Miao, authentic expert system generator of fault diagnosis: "MIAO can explain, again in [plain] language, all of his logical approach: why he is asking such a question and how it came to such a conclusion. And that because he is constantly reasoning and not because an IT developer programmed in advance all the possible explanations."
  28. ^ Olivier Rafal, Le Monde Informatique, Programming for all (T.Rex generator): "This software allows to develop a conversational application (...) leading to a self-learning" (i.e. thanks to the automatic explanations)
  29. ^ French Technology Survey, MAIEUTICA, An Expert System Generator which writes its own rules, July 1991: "checking the coherence of the knowledge", "it can detect contradictions", "it react appropriately to changes of minds"
  30. ^ MNB Technologies, Inc.
  31. ^ Kendal, S.L.; Creen, M. (2007), An introduction to knowledge engineering, London: Springer, ISBN 978-1-84628-475-5, OCLC 70987401
  32. ^ Feigenbaum, Edward A.; McCorduck, Pamela (1983), The fifth generation (1st ed.), Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, ISBN 978-0-201-11519-2, OCLC 9324691

参考文献

教科書

  • Darlington, Keith (2000). The Essence of Expert Systems. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-022774-4.
  • Ignizio, James (1991). Introduction to Expert Systems. McGraw-Hill Companies. ISBN 978-0-07-909785-9.
  • Giarratano, Joseph C; Riley, Gary (1998), Expert Systems, Principles and Programming (3rd ed.), Course Technology Ptr, ISBN 978-0-534-95053-8
  • Jackson, Peter (1998), Introduction to Expert Systems, Addison Wesley, ISBN 978-0-201-87686-4
  • Walker, Adrian et al. (1990). Knowledge Systems and Prolog. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-52424-6.
  • Naylor, Chris. (1983). Build your own Expert System. Sigma Technical Press. ISBN 978-0-905-10441-6.

歴史

  • Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks, ISBN 0-465-02997-3
  • McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd., ISBN 1-56881-205-1
  • Luger, George; Stubblefield, William (2004), Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving (5th ed.), The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., ISBN 0-8053-4780-1
  • Nilsson, Nils J. (1998-04-01), Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55860-467-4
  • Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
  • Winston, Patrick Henry (1984-04), Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 978

その他

  • ACM (1998), ACM Computing Classification System: Artificial intelligence 2007年8月30日閲覧。
  • US patent 4763277, Ashford, Thomas J. et al., "Method for obtaining information in an expert system", published 1988-08-09, issued 1988-08-09

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