A disease is an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by factors originally from an external source, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases.
- construe : 解釈する
- dysfunction : 機能不全
- autoimmune disease : 自己免疫疾患
In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories.
- distress : 苦悩
- distress call : 救助信号
Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with many diseases can alter one's perspective on life, and one's personality. Death due to disease is called death by natural causes. There are four main types of disease: pathogenic disease, deficiency disease, hereditary disease, and physiological disease.
Diseases can also be classified as communicable and non-communicable disease. The most common disease in the world is gum disease affecting 3 out of 4 people. The deadliest disease in the world is Ischemic heart disease (blood flow obstruction), followed by cerebrovascular disease and lower respiratory infections respectively.
- pathogenic disease : 病原性疾患
- deficiency disease : 欠乏性疾患
- hereditary disease : 遺伝性疾患
- gum disease : 歯周病
- Ischemic heart disease : 虚血性心疾患
- obstruction : 閉塞
- cerebrovascular disease : 脳血管疾患
- respiratory infections : 呼吸器感染
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