How a Metal Detector Scanner Works
A metal detector scanner is a device used for locating hidden or buried metal objects. It uses electromagnetic waves to sense metals and can be used in a variety of applications including security, archaeology, treasure hunting, and construction. There are a wide range of metal detector technologies and features available, and understanding how they work can help you select the best metal detection scanner for your needs.
The basic operation of a metal detector is simple: a large coil in the search head and a smaller coil inside the control box are both connected to an oscillator that generates thousands of pulses of current per second. As these pulses travel through the search coil, they generate radio waves that elicit magnetic responses from nearby metal objects. The control box analyzes these signals and produces an audible series of tones based on the difference in frequencies between the two coils.
This is the principle that underlies most consumer and industrial metal detectors, including the stationary "walk through" machines used by airport passengers and in prisons, courthouses and psychiatric hospitals. However, the machines aren't foolproof and can fail to detect a number of different kinds of weapons and other prohibited items. Moreover, they often fail to discriminate between iron and other metals, such as stainless steel and aluminum.
In addition, the type of object being sought and its size can impact how well a metal detector scans for it. The larger a target is, the more magnetic it is and the more likely it is to trigger a response. Likewise, circular shapes like coins and rings are more easily detected than long, thin shapes such as nails. The shape and size of the object also influence how deep the detector can find it.
Another key factor is the makeup of the soil, which can increase or decrease the conductivity of the ground. This can affect the detector's ability to pick up certain targets or even cause it to alarm when none is present. Finally, the orientation of the object can alter how it is classified, since some objects appear less detectable if presented in an angle that changes their interaction with the detector's magnetic fields.
Garrett, an electrical engineer, developed his first metal detector in the 1960s. He wanted a portable device that could be taken on expeditions to locate lost artifacts from earlier explorations. He succeeded in creating a handheld metal detector that worked at depths of up to eight feet. Today, Garrett's metal detectors continue to be used by professional archaeologists and treasure hunters as well as consumers. They are widely used by hobbyists and often feature adjustable sensitivity settings for areas with mineral interference and a low battery warning. They typically use a variation of Pulse Induction (PI) technology and are available in both handheld and mounted models. They can be operated on AC power or batteries. Some handheld models are designed to operate for up to 10 hours on a single charge.
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