Chlorine is an element in the periodic table which is denoted by Cl. It is a halogen (17 th group) in the 3 rd period of the periodic table. The atomic number of chlorine is 17; thus, it has seventeen protons and seventeen electrons. Its electron configuration is written as 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5. Chlorine is a non-metal. A chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its outer shell. Chlorine is in group 7 of the periodic table. Two chlorine atoms will each share one electron to get a full outer shell and form a stable Cl 2 molecule. This is a picture of the shared electrons making a covalent bond in a chlorine molecule. Chlorine is a simple molecule. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Chlorine is 17. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom. Simply so, how many electrons does the Ion 35 17 Cl have? Secondly, is CL 35 or CL 37 more abundant? The abundance of chlorine-35 is 75% and the abundance of chlorine-37 is 25%. This is because the chlorine-35 isotope is much more abundant than the chlorine-37 isotope. Chlorine belongs to the halogen element group. It is the second lightest halogen, after fluorine.
Chlorine vs Chloride
The elements in the periodic table are not stable except the noble gases. Therefore, elements try to react with other elements, to gain the noble gas electron configuration to achieve stability. Likewise, chlorine also has to get an electron to achieve the electron configuration of the noble gas, Argon. All metals react with chlorine, forming chlorides. Chlorine and chloride has different physical and chemical properties due to the change of one electron.
Chlorine
Chlorine is an element in the periodic table, which is denoted by Cl. It is a halogen (17th group) in the 3rd period of the periodic table. The atomic number of chlorine is 17; thus, it has seventeen protons and seventeen electrons. Its electron configuration is written as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. Since the p sub level should have 6 electrons to obtain the Argon noble gas electron configuration, chlorine is able to attract an electron. Chlorine has a very high electronegativity, which is about 3, according to the Pauling scale. The atomic weight of chlorine is 35.453 amu. Under room temperature, chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule (Cl2). Cl2 is a yellow – greenish color gas. Chlorine has a melting point of -101.5 °C and a boiling point of -34.04 °C. Among all the chlorine isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37 are the most stable isotopes. In the atmosphere, 35Cl present in 75.77% and 37Cl present in 24.23%. When chlorine gas is dissolved in water, it forms hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid, which are highly acidic. Chlorine has all the oxidation numbers varying from -1 to +7. Chlorine is a highly reactive gas. It can release bromine and iodine from bromide and iodide salts respectively. Therefore, it is able to oxide the anions of elements, which are located below chlorine in the periodic table. However, it cannot oxidize fluoride to give fluorine. Chlorine is mainly produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Then at the anode, chlorine gas can be collected. Chlorine is mainly used as a disinfectant in water purification. Further it is used in manufacturing of a wide range of consumer products like food, insecticides, paints, petroleum products, plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents.
Chloride
Chloride is the resulted anion when chlorine abstracts an electron from another electropositive element. Chloride is represented by the symbol Cl–. Chloride is a monovalent ion with -1 charge. Therefore, it has 18 electrons and seventeen protons. The electron configuration of chloride is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. Chloride exists in ionic compounds such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and HCl. Chloride also exists naturally in water sources, and this is the most common anion in the nature. There is a considerable amount of chloride ions in sea water.
What is the difference between Chlorine and Chloride? • Chloride is the reduced form of chlorine. Chloride has 18 electrons compared to seventeen electrons of chlorine, and both have seventeen protons. Therefore, chloride has a -1 charge whereas chlorine is neutral. • Chlorine is more chemically reactive than chloride. • Chloride has achieved the Argon electron configuration, therefore, stable than the chlorine atom. |
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Why does a Chlorine Molecule have a Covalent Bond?
Chlorine is a non-metal.
A chlorineatom has 7electrons in its outer shell.
Chlorine is in group 7 of the periodic table.
Two chlorine atoms will each share one electron
to get a full outer shell and form a stableCl2molecule.
This is a picture of the shared electrons making a covalent bond
in a chlorine molecule. Chlorine is a simple molecule.
By sharing the two electrons where the shells touch
each chlorineatom can count 8 electrons in its outer shell.
These fullouter shells with their shared electrons
are now stable and the Cl2molecule will notreact further
with other chlorine atoms.
One pair of shared electrons form a singlecovalent bond.
There are noions present (no + or - charges) in chlorine gas
because the electrons are shared,
not transferred from one atom to another.
Chlorinedoes form hydrogen ions
when it is dissolved in water to become chloric acid.
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