[X] 文の転換
[A] 複文↔単文
[1] 名詞節 : that節 ↔ 名詞/動名詞/不定詞
1. 名詞の利用
I am glad that you have succeeded.
I am glad of your success.
2. 動名詞の利用
1) that節 ↔ 動名詞
I remember that he took a picture of me.
I remember his taking a picture of me.
2) that節 ↔ 前置詞+動名詞
They insisted that we should carry out the plan.
They insisted on our carrying out the plan.
(think↔think of, complain↔complain of, insist↔insist on, decide↔decide on)
3) that節(同格) ↔ of+動名詞
There is little hope that he will come back alive.
There is little hope of his coming back alive.
3. 不定詞の利用
I hope that I will solve the problem.
I hope to solve the problem.
I expect that she will come.
I expect her to come.
It seems that the clock is wrong.
The clock seems to be wrong.
It is important that you should observe rules.
It is important for you to observe rules.
[2] 形容詞節 : 関係詞節 ↔ 形容詞句
1. 動名詞の利用
This is the reason why she was late for school.
This is the reason for her having been late for school.
2. 分詞の利用
Hamlet is the work which was written by Shakespeare.
Hamlet is the work written by Shakespeare.
3. 不定詞の利用
She has no friends that she can rely on.
She has no friends to rely on.
[3] 副詞節
1. 従属節 ↔ 前置詞+(動)名詞
As soon as he went to bed, he fell asleep.
On going to bed, he fell asleep.
Although she failed, she didn't seem depressed.
In spite of her failure, she didn't seem depressed.
2. 分詞構文の利用
Because he did not know what to do, he came to me for advice.
Not knowing what to do, he came to me for advice.
3. 不定詞の利用
The girl was so surprised that she couldn't speak.
The girl was too surprised to speak.
She began to run so that she could catch up with him.
She began to run (in oder) to catch up with him.
[B] 重文↔単文
1. 前置詞+(動)名詞の利用
It rained heavily, but we went out.
In spite of the heavy rain, we went out.
She didn't write a letter, but telephoned him.
Instead of writing a letter, she telephoned him.
2. 分詞構文の利用
I had a slight fever, so I went to bed early.
Having a slight fever, I went to bed early.
3. 不定詞の利用
You are very young, so you can't go out alone.
You are too young to go out alone.
She did her best, but failed in the attempt.
She did her best only to fail in the attempt.
[C] 重文↔複文
1. but ↔ though, although
I read English books, but I can't speak English well.
Though I read English books, I can't speak English well.
2. so ↔ as, since, because
It rained hard last night, so the road is muddy.
Because it rained hard last night, the road is muddy.
3. 命令文+and ↔ if
Turn to the right, and you will find my school.
If you turn to the right, you will find my school.
4. 命令文+or ↔ unless (if-not)
Stop smoking, or you will ruin your health.
Unless you stop smoking, you will ruin your health.