Cultural (16) 1993 Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
It's the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of Orthodox(東正教) church. The monastery was built in 1345 in the Russian small town called Sergiev Posad. In 1346 one of the most venerated Rssian saints, Sergius Radonezh kiy built a wooden church in honor of the Holy Trinity on Makovets Hill. Sergius' numerous fellowers built more than 400 cloisters(修道院) all over Russia. St. Sergius supported Dmitri Donskoi in his struggle against the Tatars and sent 2 of his monls(Peresvet and Osllabya) to participate in the battle of Kulikovo(1380). Now Trinity Lavra is the biggest friary(男修道院) in Russia.
@Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex (2014) @Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye (1994) @Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent (2003) @Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands (1992)
2000 Curonian Spit
It's a 98km long thin cyrved sand-dune(沙丘)spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon(庫爾斯潟湖)from the Baltic Sea coast. It's southern portion lies Kaliningrad Oblast(Russia)(加里寧格勒州)and its northern within southwestern Lithuania. It's the UNESCO World Heritage site by the 2 countries. In fact the Curonian spit is a peninsula(半島). The width of the spit varies from a minimum of 400m in Russia to a maximum of 3800m in Lithuania.
@Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery (2000) @Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent (2004) @Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin (2000)
1990 Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments
The 'Venice of the North', with its numerous canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of a vast urban project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. Later known as Leningrad(列寧格勒) (in the former USSR), the city is closely associated with the October Revolution. Its architectural heritage reconciles the very different Baroque and pure neoclassical styles, as can be seen in the Admiralty, the Winter Palace(冬宮), the Marble Palace(大理石宮) and the Hermitage(埃爾米塔日博物館). Pulkovo Observatory(普爾科沃天文台)
@Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings (1992) @Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl (2005)
1990 Kizhi Pogost(基日島的木結構教堂)
The pogost of Kizhi (i.e. the Kizhi enclosure) is located on one of the many islands in Lake Onega, in Karelia. Two 18th-century wooden churches, and an octagonal clock tower, also in wood and built in 1862, can be seen there. These unusual constructions, in which carpenters created a bold visionary architecture, perpetuate an ancient model of parish space and are in harmony with the surrounding landscape.
@Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow (1990) @Struve Geodetic Arc (2005) @White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal (1992)
Natural (10) @Central Sikhote-Alin (2001)
1998 Golden Mountains of Altai(阿爾泰金山)
The Altai mountains in southern Siberia form the major mountain range in the western Siberia biogeographic region and provide the source of its greatest rivers – the Ob and the Irtysh. Three separate areas are inscribed: Altaisky Zapovednik and a buffer zone around Lake Teletskoye; Katunsky Zapovednik and a buffer zone around Mount Belukha; and the Ukok Quiet Zone on the Ukok plateau. The total area covers 1,611,457 ha. The region represents the most complete sequence of altitudinal vegetation zones in central Siberia, from steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forest, subalpine vegetation to alpine vegetation. The site is also an important habitat for endangered animal species such as the snow leopard.
1996 Lake Baikal(貝加爾湖)
Situated in south-east Siberia, the 3.15-million-ha Lake Baikal is the oldest (25 million years) and deepest (1,700 m) lake in the world. It contains 20% of the world's total unfrozen freshwater reserve. Known as the 'Galapagos of Russia', its age and isolation have produced one of the world's richest and most unusual freshwater faunas, which is of exceptional value to evolutionary science.
2012 Lena Pillars Nature Park(勒那河柱狀岩自然公園)
Lena Pillars Nature Park is marked by spectacular rock pillars that reach a height of approximately 100 m along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). They were produced by the region’s extreme continental climate with an annual temperature range of almost 100 degrees Celsius (from –60 °C in winter to +40 °C in summer). The pillars form rocky buttresses isolated from each other by deep and steep gullies developed by frost shattering directed along intervening joints. Penetration of water from the surface has facilitated cryogenic processes (freeze-thaw action), which have widened gullies between pillars leading to their isolation. Fluvial processes are also critical to the pillars. The site also contains a wealth of Cambrian fossil remains of numerous species, some of them unique.
@Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve (2004) @Putorana Plateau (2010) @Uvs Nuur Basin (2003)
1995 Virgin Komi Forests(科米原始林)
The Virgin Komi Forests cover 3.28 million ha of tundra and mountain tundra in the Urals, as well as one of the most extensive areas of virgin boreal forest remaining in Europe. This vast area of conifers, aspens, birches, peat bogs, rivers and natural lakes has been monitored and studied for over 50 years. It provides valuable evidence of the natural processes affecting biodiversity in the taiga.
1996 Volcanoes of Kamchatka
This is one of the most outstanding volcanic regions in the world, with a high density of active volcanoes, a variety of types, and a wide range of related features. The six sites included in the serial designation group together the majority of volcanic features of the Kamchatka peninsula. The interplay of active volcanoes and glaciers forms a dynamic landscape of great beauty. The sites contain great species diversity, including the world's largest known variety of salmonoid fish and exceptional concentrations of sea otter, brown bear and Stellar's sea eagle.
1999 Western Caucasus
The western Caucasus is a western region of the Caucasus in Southern Russia, extending from the Black Sea to Mt. Elbrus(厄爾布魯士山). The site comprise the extreme western edge of Caucasus mountains. It's the only large mountain area in Europe that has not experienced significant human impact. Its habitats are exceptionally varied for such a small area, ranging from lowlands to glaciers. The site is situated 50km to the North from the Russia resort of Sochi(2014 Olympic Games Center)
