AbstractHigh-speed liquid “curtains” have been proposed to protect solid structures in fusion energy applications. Minimizing free-surface waves and spray formation in such flows is important for effective protection in this application. In this work, free-surface waves and turbulent breakup were studied experimentally in jets of Cheap Nike Heels Uk water issuing from a rectangular nozzle into ambient air at a Reynolds number of 1.2×105.
Laser-Doppler anemometry was used to characterize the streamwise and transverse velocity components in the nozzle for two different flow calming section designs. Planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to Mens Nike Air Force 1 Mid measure the free-stream position in the near-field of the sheet.
The results suggest that transverse velocity fluctuations Black Nike Blazers Uk in the nozzle are the primary factor... in determining the amplitudes of free-surface waves. Removing a small amount of low-speed fluid immediately downstream of the nozzle exit (“boundary-layer cutting”) is shown to both significantly reduce free-surface waves and the amount of spray due to turbulent breakup. Overall, boundary-layer cutting appears to have the greatest benefit when used on a “well-conditioned” turbulent liquid Nike Free Trainer 5.0 Uk sheet.