When the U.S. Supreme Court issued its 5-4 decision in Wal-Mart v. Dukes in June 2011, no one needed a Richter scale to know it was a Big One. In throwing out a mammoth lawsuit by women employees who claimed that they’d been systematically underpaid and underpromoted by the world’s biggest corporation, the ruling upended decades of employment discrimination law and raised serious barriers to future large-scale discrimination cases of every kind.Employers rejoiced. Others predicted serious setbacks for women and minorities, especially in employment discrimination cases brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. That landmark law had opened the way to the use of the class-action lawsuit as a potent weapon for people who could not stand up for their rights on their own.Two years later, it’s becoming clear just how much the ruling has reshaped the American legal landscape.The Dukes decision has already been cited more than 1,200 times in rulings by federal and state courts, a figure seen by experts as remarkable.FXI first unveiled their new Android powered Cotton Candy Mini Usb Sticks Sellers sized PC almost a year ago, and shipping was expected to commence during May of this year. Jury verdicts have been overturned, settlements thrown out, and class actions rejected or decertified, in many instances undoing years of litigation. The rulings have come in every part of the country, in lawsuits involving all types of companies, including retailers (Family Dollar Stores), government contractors (Lockheed Martin Corp.), business-services providers (Cintas Corp.), and magazines (Hearst Corp.). The aftershocks have been felt in many kinds of lawsuits beyond the employment field, as well.pcb manufacturers-Cheer Time Manufacturer Of Rohs Pcb Assembly,PCB Quick Turn,PCB QUICK WASH etc.Many of the rulings since 2011 have not been surprising. Some have been relatively narrow. But others have tread into unexpected territory.This past August, for example, a federal appeals court in Philadelphia upheld the dismissal of a $7 million settlement between the former National City Bank and 153,000 black and Hispanic borrowers who claimed that the bank had discriminated against them in how it charged mortgage points and fees during the housing bubble. Neither side had sought to revisit the 2010 accord, but the courts did so anyway,High quality handmade book cases for ipad mini by PQ. Each bookbindery case features bonded or genuine leather & classic bookmark for device removal. ruling that because the class action probably wouldn’t have been certified under Dukes,custom promotional usb sticks are a fun option for customizing your company's USB sticks and offering them as gifts to potential customers. the settlement was suspect,HKHANGSEN,The best products come from the best ingredients. tooRead the full story http://www.mparea.com/Clip-MP3-Player-Blue-Pink-Mp3-No-screen-Portable-Super-MP3-Player-M-056-2111-p.html