THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGE.
experiences of implementing a number of rural development programs with several reasons for their failure invite a number of fundamental questions about what rural development really is, development aims at the welfare of rural communities, but whether rural communities are fully involved and get benefits so that the results The implementation of various rural development programs has effectively changed the welfare level of rural communities. In line with the above statement, rural development that has been implemented or will be implemented cannot run without the support of community participation. One of the fundamental problems in the process of administering village government is how to build or create a government mechanism that can carry out its mission in realizing a prosperous society in a just manner. Participation of community members is the orderliness of community members in development, including activities in the planning and implementation (implementation) of development programs/projects carried out in local communities.
It is understood that the available development budget is relatively limited while the required (planned) development programs/projects are relatively large, it is necessary to increase community participation to support the implementation of development programs/projects in the community. So the involvement or participation of the community in the development process from planning, implementation, to evaluation of development results is very important, especially at the village level. The effectiveness of the implementation of development programs in the village of Kauneran I still has problems, the limited infrastructure has been a long-standing problem faced by the government, especially in rural development. Limited infrastructure causes disruption of the government system in rural areas, this is a serious problem. In the village of Kauneran 1, there is no village office so that the activities of the Village Head and the apparatus are still taking place at the Village Head's house, currently the village office is being built but it has been 5 years but has not been completed yet. Based on what the author can see, the author wants to describe the problems that resulted in the development in the village of Kauneran 1 not going well, which was found that the focus of development was only on the construction of infrastructure facilities that were to improve the welfare of the community, thus it seemed that the government had lost focus on completing the building. The village office is actually the center of government, community service center, and community center. Researchers pay attention to various developments that are currently being carried out, including the construction of footpaths, construction of drainage, construction of road paving, construction of road concrete, construction of clean water reservoirs and the provision of clean water to meet the consumption of clean water for the community. Thus there are various obstacles and problems that encourage development due to community pressure originating from aspects of the needs for rural communities and the old law is less adaptable to the community so that people are ignorant in every development in Kauneran village 1. Based on the above research, the authors are interested in researching problems and constraints related to the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Rural Development Programs in Kauneran Village 1. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Concept of Effectiveness 1. Definition of Effectiveness Effectiveness comes from the word effective which implies the achievement of success in achieving the goals that have been set. Effectiveness is always related to the relationship between the expected results and the results actually achieved. Effectiveness can be seen from various points of view (view points) and can be assessed in various ways and has a close relationship with efficiency. According to Mahmudi (2005:92) Effectiveness is the relationship between output and goals, the greater the contribution (contribution) of the output to the achievement of goals, the more effective the organization, program or activity. Based on this opinion, that effectiveness has a reciprocal relationship between output and goals. The greater the contribution of output, the more effective a program or activity is. Moenir (2006:166) Effectiveness, on the other hand, becomes the ability to choose the appropriate outcome targets. An effective manager is one who chooses the truth to carry out. Based on the explanation above, that effectiveness focuses more on the effect or effect while efficiency emphasizes on the accuracy of resources, which includes budget, time, energy, tools and methods so that the implementation is on time. Furthermore, according to Agung Kurniawan (2005: 105) in his book Transformation of Public Services defines effectiveness, as follows: "Effectiveness is the ability to carry out tasks, functions (operations, program activities or missions) than an organization or the like that does not have pressure or tension between its implementation. ." Effectiveness is a condition that affects something that is memorable, efficacy, business success, actions or things that apply. The same thing is also stated by Supriyono (200:29) in his book Management Control System defines the notion of effectiveness, as follows: "Effectiveness is the relationship between the output of a responsibility center and the goals that must be achieved, the greater the contribution than the output produced to the achievement value. the target, it can be said that the unit is also effective. Thus, effectiveness is an action that contains an understanding of the occurrence of a desired effect or effect and emphasizes the results or effects in achieving goals. 2. Effectiveness Measures The outputs produced are mostly intangible outputs that are not easy to quantify, so the measurement of effectiveness often faces difficulties. The difficulty in measuring effectiveness is because the achievement of results (outcomes) often cannot be known in the short term, but in the long term after the program is successful, so that effectiveness measures are usually stated qualitatively (based on quality) in the form of a judgment only, meaning that if The quality produced is good, the effectiveness is also good. according to Duncan in his book Richard M. Steers (2005) says about the effectiveness measure, as follows: (a) Achievement of Goals (b) Integration (c) Adaptation
B. Concept of Village Development 1. Definition of Development Rural development is rural-based development by prioritizing local wisdom in rural areas which includes the demographic structure of the community, socio-cultural characteristics, physical/geographical characteristics, patterns of agricultural business activities, patterns of rural-urban economic linkages, institutional sectors villages, and characteristics of residential areas. According to Siagian (2006), it is a business or series of growth and change efforts that are planned and carried out consciously by a nation and state. According to Deddy T. Tikson (2005) that national development can also be interpreted as a deliberate economic, social and cultural transformation through policies and strategies towards the desired direction. According to Effendi (2002:2) development is an effort to increase all resources which is carried out in a planned and sustainable manner with the principle of equitable and fair use. 2. Scope of Rural Development Rural development has the following scope (a) Development of rural infrastructure (b) Community empowerment (c) Management of natural resources and human resources (d) Creation of job opportunities, opportunities, income especially for the poor 3. Characteristics and Principles of Rural Development Village development with its various problems is a development that takes place touching the common interest. Thus the village is the central point of Indonesia's national development. Therefore, village development must cover various aspects of life and livelihood, meaning that it must involve all components, namely from the community and government, and must be directly and continuously in order to achieve the needs of the present and the future. Rural development should apply the principles, namely: (a) Transparency (b) Participatory (c) Can be enjoyed by the community (d) Accountable (e) Sustainable 4. Village Development Goals and Targets The objectives of village development are stated in article 78 paragraph (1), namely "improving the welfare of the Village community and the quality of human life as well as poverty alleviation through meeting basic needs, developing village facilities and infrastructure, developing local economic potential, and utilizing natural resources and the environment in a sustainable manner." The long-term goal of rural development is to directly improve the welfare of rural communities through increasing job opportunities, business opportunities and income based on the approach to environmental development, business development and human development, and indirectly is to lay a solid foundation for national development. The aim of short-term rural development is to increase effectiveness and efficiency in economic activities and the use of human and natural resources. The targets of rural development are the creation of: (a) Increased production and productivity (b) Accelerated village growth (c) Improved skills in production and field development (d) productive employment and business fields. (e) Increasing community initiatives and participation. (f) Institutional strengthening. C. Concept of Village The definition of a village based on Law Number 32 of 2004 is a legal community unit that has territorial boundaries that are authorized to regulate and manage the interests of the local community, based on local origins and customs that are recognized and respected in the Unitary State Government System. Republic of Indonesia. Based on the description above, the Village Head is the village leader who is responsible for administering village government, implementing development and community development. 1. Authority of the Village Government (a) Leading the administration of government based on policies established with the Village Representative Body (BPD). (b) Submit a draft village regulation. (c) Establish village regulations that have been approved by the BPD. (d) Prepare and submit a draft village regulation regarding the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDesa) to be discussed and determined with the BPD.
(e) Fostering the life of the village community. (f) Fostering the village economy. (g) Coordinate village development in a participatory manner. (h) Represent the village inside and outside the court and can appoint a legal representative to represent it in accordance with the laws and regulations. 2. Duties of the Village Government (a) Uphold and practice Pancasila, implement the 1945 Constitution and maintain and maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. (b) Improving people's welfare. (c) Maintaining public order and peace. (d) Implementing a democratic life. (e) Implement the principles of clean village governance and free from collusion, corruption and nepotism. (f) Establish working relationships with all village government partners. (g) Obey and enforce all laws and regulations. (h) Carrying out good government administration. (i) Implement and account for village financial management. (j) Carry out the affairs that are under the authority of the village. (k) Reconciling community disputes in the village. (l) Developing community and village income.
RESEARCH METHOD This method uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The informants are 1 Old Law, 1 Village Secretary, 2 Village Consultative Body, 4 Village Apparatus, 4 Community Leaders, and 3 Community People. Data collection techniques used are Interview Techniques, Observation / Observation Techniques, and Documentation Techniques. And the analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Interview Results Based on the descriptive results of the interviews with the informants above, the following is a summary of all the informants based on indicators: (a) "The achievement of goals in Kauneran 1 village can be seen from the final results and the impacts it causes, both positive impacts and negative impacts. In terms of the positive impact, it is able to show the government's performance in developing villages and prospering the community, even though the resulting performance has not been so extraordinary. Thus it can be seen the level of success of the village government in achieving its goals. The positive is that there is a lot of work in the village that has seen results in both physical and non-physical forms. However, on the negative side, there have been several assessments from the community about the implementation of development programs in the village being stalled or the quality of development not lasting long. However, the problem is the lack of government movement to encourage the community to jointly fund the construction of the village office building which is the center of government and community activities in the village. (b) “With the concept of good integration, it has become a basic part in determining development that is right on target. The government and society need good communication with each other to achieve goals. The process of socialization in determining the future vision greatly affects progress and welfare in Kauneran 1. The long process of socializing is a determinant for the achievement of goals, so that the influence of socialization is the most important factor. In this case, it can be seen that there is a lack of socialization in determining the development process, in this case the funding comes from non-governmental organizations. (c) “Adaptation is the ability of the organization to adapt to the surrounding environment. This is also a major part in achieving the level of success of the vision in Kauneran 1. For example, the construction of water drainage for irrigation of water to the community's rice fields. This requires precise calculations to measure the slope of the soil so that it can provide sufficient volume of water to irrigate the fields, so that with good irrigation it will add benefits at harvest time. This will increase the income of the rice farmers. Therefore, the government must be able to adapt every decision to the needs that exist in the community and must be able to adjust development based on available funds so that it can give maximum results. It has been seen that adaptation occurs because of changes that occur automatically or as a result of interference from certain parties. So if there is good adaptation from the government, there will be reforms to improve and equip an object that is not yet good for the better.
Discussion Based on the explanation in the sub-chapter of the analysis of the description of the research results, the next researcher will discuss how to achieve the goals, integration, and adaptation of the implementation of rural development programs in Kauneran 1 village, Sonder sub-district.
(a) Achievement of the Goals of the Implementation of the Rural Development Program In order to ensure the achievement of the final goal, it is necessary to phase it out, both in the sense of phasing out the achievements of its parts and phasing it out in the sense of its periodization. The achievement of goals consists of several factors, namely: Time period, targets which are concrete targets, and legal basis. Achieving goals is the overall effort in achieving goals that must be viewed as a process. The goal to be achieved by the implementation of the rural development program in the village of Kauneran 1 is the achievement of development that can advance the community's economy and improve the welfare of the community for the creation of significant progress in the village of Kauneran 1. Based on time, concrete targets or targets, then basically it can be seen that the development in the dominant Kauneran 1 village is already at the stage of achievement. By paying attention to every program that is born from the aspirations of the community which is finally stated in the village government's decision, so that with the realization of the forms of development that have been achieved based on the program, thus the development program in the village of Kauneran 1 is not yet at the stage of achieving concrete targets. (b) Integration of the Implementation of Rural Development Programs In this study, integration has the meaning of measuring the procedure and level of organizational ability to conduct socialization of rural development programs in Kauneran Village 1. For this reason, socialization will foster cooperation between the village government and the local community. . Good socialization will support the continuity and success of each planned program. In general, the people of Kauneran 1 village already know the forms of development that are feasible to implement, but based on the uneven level of education, it is possible that there is a lack of public understanding of rural development programs based on the funding sources of each development program, so it is very necessary for government transparency in socialize various development activities that are right on target based on the needs of the community. The village government has facilitated the community through socialization to determine the implementation of rural development programs at the guarding Musrenbang forum which aims to provide open opportunities for the community to express opinions, aspirations, and proposals which will later be considered in the Musrenbang meeting forum. e (c) Adaptation to the Implementation of Rural Development Programs Adaptation or adjustment is the degree to which the organization can be truly responsive to internal and external changes. So it can be concluded that adaptation is the preparation of strategies in responding to the changes that occur to be able to determine the right object. The adaptation carried out by the Kauneran 1 village government by looking at changes in the community environment, so that it can determine the implementation of the development process that is right on target. Adjustment to circumstances is very supportive of the achievement of goals. This needs to be balanced with strategies that are right on target and are able to bring about rapid change in the community. So from the research the author can understand the importance of government adaptation in the implementation of rural development programs so as to achieve effectiveness in village development with the main goal of prospering the community.
Author : Imam Sahroni Darmawan