Spinoza and Buddhism: The Science of Eradicating Mental Suffering (23 characters)

Deconstructing Anger: Spinoza and Abhidharma (22 characters)

Will Disappearing the "Self" Bring Relief? Mandala and Ethica (23 characters)

A Systems Theory for Escaping the Domination of Emotions (21 characters)

Aren't we, each and every one of us, trapped inside a cage called "the self"? "Why am I the only one suffering so much?" "Their words won't leave my head, and my anger won't subside." In our daily lives, each and every one of us is constantly tossed about by the storms of "emotions." When we get hurt, worry, and come to a standstill, a powerful narrative of self-attachment—"I was hurt"—is looping inside the brain of each and every one of us. However, what if that very existence of "the self" for each and every one of us is actually a grand illusion (a bug) of the brain?

Baruch Spinoza, the philosopher in the 17th-century West who dissected emotions like geometry and analyzed them with cold detachment. And in the East 2,500 years ago, the Abhidharma Buddhist teachings that thoroughly reduced the human mind (of each and every one of us) into microscopic constituent elements, and the esoteric Mandala (Mandara) that visualized the network of the universe. At first glance, these philosophies born in completely different eras and regions possess, astonishingly, the exact same structural homology (isomorphism): "deconstructing the illusion of the self and hacking the system of suffering." By reading this article, the "mechanism of agony" that binds the mind of each and every one of us will melt away, and you will understand the roadmap to attaining an overwhelming tranquility of mind (a flow state) that synchronizes with the majestic flow of the universe.

1. Deconstructing the "Self" into the Smallest Elements via Abhidharma Teachings

Reducing Existence to "Dharmas"

The Abhidharma teachings of Buddhism constitute a systems theory that thoroughly decomposes the mind, body, and world of human beings (each and every one of us) into "dharmas," which are the smallest, indivisible constituent elements of existence. For instance, what each and every one of us calls "the self" is nothing more than a collection of five aggregates (Skandhas / Goun). Abhidharma maps this even more finely onto precise grids such as the "Seventy-Five Dharmas across Five Categories."

The Deconstruction Process of the Passion Called "Anger"

When each and every one of us experiences "anger," what exactly is happening inside the mind?

  • Spinoza's Perspective: Instead of treating anger as a single, fixed narrative (story), he geometrically decomposes it into affections of the body (increased heart rate, muscle tension), the ideas accompanying them, and the external antecedent causes.

  • Abhidharma's Perspective: It rejects the narrative of "that person who made me angry" and micro-decomposes it into the arising of a fleeting mental factor (Caitasika / Shinjo) called "hatred/ill will (Dvesha / Shin)," and the contact (Sparsha / Soku) between the sensory organ (Indriya / Kon) and the object (Vishaya / Kyo) that triggered it through the law of causation (Pratītyasamutpāda / Engi).

【A Copernican Revolution in Cognition】 It is not that "I am angry." It hacks cognition by realizing that "within a massive network of causation, a phenomenon called 'anger' is merely being temporarily patterned."

2. Mandala-like Thinking: The Absolute Synchronization of the Micro and the Macro

The Union of "God or Nature" and "Vairocana Buddha"

What lies beyond deconstruction is reintegration with the universe as a whole. Spinoza’s pantheism and the mandala universe-view of Esoteric Buddhism demonstrate an astonishing affinity.

  • Spinoza's Pantheism (God or Nature): Only one infinite "Substance (God)" exists in the universe, and individual human beings (each and every one of us) and things are merely "modes (affections)" through which that Substance is temporarily expressed.

  • The Mandala Universe-View (Vairocana Buddha and the Dharma-dhatu): All existences (deities) in Esoteric Buddhism are manifestations (Dharmakaya / Hokkai-shin) of the fundamental substance of the universe, "Vairocana Buddha (Dainichi Nyorai)." Each individual existence is intricately and endlessly interconnected as a microcosm reflecting the whole universe (macrocosm).

"Under the Aspect of Eternity" and "Becoming a Buddha in this Very Body"

Leaving behind the narrow ego-perspective of a mere part and synchronizing oneself with the structural necessity of the universe as a whole is the ultimate destination for both sides.

  • Spinoza's "Under the Aspect of Eternity (sub specie aeternitatis)": When one intuitively perceives all events as the necessity of God (the third kind of knowledge), the mind is liberated from passive passions and attains eternal joy (acquiescence of spirit).

  • Esoteric Buddhism's "Becoming a Buddha in this Very Body (Sokushin Jobutsu)": By completely synchronizing one's body, speech, and mind (the Three Mysteries / Sanmitsu) with the mandala that symbolizes the universe (Nyuga-ganyu), one unites with the universe itself while still in this world, causing agony to vanish.

3. Systems Theory Flowchart for Smartphones

This visualizes the cognitive process leading from suffering to liberation in a vertical flow that is easy to view on a smartphone.

【INPUT: Passive Passion (Agony)】
The narrative of the ego: "I was hurt, I am suffering"
  ▼
【DECONSTRUCTION PROCESSING: Cognitive Hacking】
 ■ Spinozism:
   Analyze passion geometrically ➔ Reduce to God (infinite deterministic causation)
 ■ Abhidharma Teachings:
   Decompose mind and body into "dharmas" ➔ Reduce to dependent origination (the web of causation)
 ■ Mandala-like Thinking:
   "The self" is a modification of Vairocana Buddha ➔ Reposition into the holistic structure of the universe (Dharma-dhatu)
  ▼
【OUTPUT: Activity and Liberation】
 Silencing of the DMN (Default Mode Network: the self-attachment circuit)
 = Absolute satisfaction of the spirit (Great Bliss / Tranquility)

4. Integrated Comparison of Concepts (Functional Mapping)

To facilitate intuitive understanding while scrolling on a smartphone, the functional correspondences are organized below.

  • Axis of Comparison: Fundamental Substance / The Whole

    • Spinoza's Philosophy: God or Nature (Deus sive Natura)

    • Abhidharma Teachings: The True Nature of Dharmas penetrating all phenomena (Dharmatā)

    • Esoteric Buddhism / Mandala: Vairocana Buddha / The Dharma-dhatu (Hokkai)

  • Axis of Comparison: Treatment of Individual Things / Phenomena

    • Spinoza's Philosophy: "Modes (affections)" of the Substance

    • Abhidharma Teachings: "Dharmas" arising through causes and conditions

    • Esoteric Buddhism / Mandala: The "living embodiments / manifestations" of Vairocana Buddha

  • Axis of Comparison: Methodology of Deconstruction

    • Spinoza's Philosophy: Geometric proof / Logical analysis

    • Abhidharma Teachings: Elemental reduction such as the Seventy-Five Dharmas across Five Categories

    • Esoteric Buddhism / Mandala: The arrangement of deities and the integration of the Three Mysteries (body, speech, mind)

  • Axis of Comparison: The State Attained

    • Spinoza's Philosophy: Intuitive knowledge under the aspect of eternity (the third kind of knowledge)

    • Abhidharma Teachings: The extinction of ego-grasping (Nirvana / Absolute Tranquility)

    • Esoteric Buddhism / Mandala: The unimpeded interpenetration of all phenomena (Becoming a Buddha in this Very Body)

5. Breaking Through the Limits of Reason: The Self-Collapse (Self-Destruction) of Logic

The most thrilling point in this comparison is that both systems contain a deconstructive self-contradiction (self-destruction): "by sharpening the intellect to its absolute limit, they force the intellect to transcend itself." The obsessive logical analysis in Abhidharma, when pushed to the ultimate extreme, lands on a non-verbal flow of "Emptiness (Shunyata)" or "Consciousness-Only (Vijnaptimattrata)" where "neither the analyzing subject nor the analyzed object exists," destroying itself as it lands. Similarly, the dense and painstakingly geometric accumulation of theorems developed by Spinoza in Ethica (the second kind of knowledge: reason) is ultimately nothing more than a "scaffolding" to sublimate itself (self-aufheben) into "the third kind of knowledge: intuitive knowledge," which grasps the whole in a single glance. Replacing this with modern neuroscience, it can be described as a phenomenon where the left-brain linguistic and logical circuits, having been driven to overdrive, reach their processing capacity limits and fully synchronize with the object of description itself (wholeness, right-brain integration), entering a flow state.

6. Academic and Textual Evidence

This analysis is rigorously structured based on the following classical texts and academic studies, eliminating arbitrary interpretations.

  • Spinoza, B. (1677) Ethica Part V. The rational deconstruction of passions and the process of reaching intuitive knowledge "under the aspect of eternity."

  • Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya (The Treasury of Abhidharma) The comprehensive systematization of existential elements (dharmas) and the negation of a substantial self (Pudgala-nairātmyam / the non-existence of a personal self).

  • The Mahāvairocana Sūtra and Kukai's Attaining Buddhahood in This Very Body & The Secret Key to the Heart Sutra / Ten Stages of the Development of Mind Descriptions of the endless mutual penetration (unimpeded relationship) between the macrocosm and the microcosm.

  • Stcherbatsky, Th. (1923) The Central Conception of Buddhism and the Meaning of the Word "Dharma". A foundational global text regarding the systems-theoretic and reductionist interpretation of Abhidharma.

Living as a Single Thread Woven into the Universe

When you are assaulted by anger or sadness, please remember: each and every one of us is not the "pitiful main character who was hurt." Each and every one of us is a beautiful and necessary single thread (a mode, a dharma) that constitutes the massive fabric (mandala) that is the universe. When standing from that perspective, an absolute sense of security, like a deep and quiet blue ocean without a single ripple, should spread across the mind of each and every one of us. (Written by an AI)

Ten Poems Expressing the Essence

  1. Disassemble the word "the self," and the waves fall quiet.

  2. Even anger is but a single drop in the web of causation.

  3. The lens of Spinoza reflects the shadow of God.

  4. If you divide the mind into dharmas, no ego remains.

  5. Unraveling the Ethica, what I arrive at are Asian eyes.

  6. Placing myself within the Mandala, entering Great Bliss.

  7. Leaping from the left brain to the right brain, a flight of intellect.

  8. The ego vanishes, a night dissolving into the aspect of eternity.

  9. Beyond the point where reason lets go, I witness Emptiness.

  10. Within this microscopic body of mine, the universe resides.

【I. 「私」の解体 / Deconstructing the Self】

  • 1. No "me."

    • (「私」は、いない。)

  • 2. Just a wave.

    • (ただの、ひと波。)

  • 3. Ego melts.

    • (エゴが、溶ける。)

  • 4. Unbound mind.

    • (縛られない心。)

  • 5. Zero self.

    • (自己、ゼロ。)

【II. 怒りと因果の解体 / Dissolving Anger & Cause】

  • 6. Anger is dust.

    • (怒りは、ただの塵。)

  • 7. Mere cause.

    • (ただの因果。)

  • 8. No one hurt.

    • (誰も傷ついていない。)

  • 9. Flow, don't hold.

    • (掴まず、流せ。)

  • 10. Storm of dharmas.

    • (諸法の嵐。)

【III. 宇宙・大日如来との同期 / Merging with the Universe】

  • 11. One giant loom.

    • (ひとつの、巨大な織機。)

  • 12. God is Nature.

    • (神即自然。)

  • 13. We are threads.

    • (私たちは、糸。)

  • 14. Mirroring cosmos.

    • (宇宙を映す鏡。)

  • 15. Total sync.

    • (完全なる同期。)

【IV. 静寂・フロー状態 / Silence & Flow】

  • 16. Deep blue peace.

    • (深く青い、静寂。)

  • 17. DMN off.

    • (自己回路、オフ。)

  • 18. Eternal view.

    • (永遠のまなざし。)

  • 19. Absolute still.

    • (絶対の静けさ。)

  • 20. Simply be.

    • (ただ、在る。)

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