母親もしくは/かつ父親 が アレルギー（喘息、アトピー、アレルギー性鼻炎・結膜炎[花粉症]）で 帝王切開で生まれた 子 は喘息になりやすい。
普通の分娩で 生まれた子が 喘息になる割合を １としたとき、
帝王切開で 1.79
帝王切開で 片親がアレルギーの場合 1.86
帝王切開で 両親がアレルギーの場合 2.91
Ｔｈｏｒａｘ 2月号より
今日は原住地から、新幹線で東京に行きました。
何を学びに行ったかというと統計学です。
ほんとにざっぱな話ばかりだったので、具体的な内容は自己学習に任されているのですが、
かなりココロに火がついた次第です。
また、久しぶりにビジネス書を買って、自分の秘められた可能性を高められる自身がつきました。
酔っ払っているだけかもしれませんが。
自分のマイルストーンとしてここにその出会いのページを刻んでおきます。
慈恵医大 臨床研究開発室
Dr.浦島充佳 公式サイト
the February issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, updates the 2001 ACSM recommendations.
で、このたび、運動をしてやせるためのガイドラインが改定された。
研究対象は18歳以上。
アメリカ人で太っている人は10％の体重減少が目標だが、3-5%の体重減少でも慢性期疾患のリスクが減らせる。
減量のためには、週150-250分の運動をすればよい。（以前は200-300分であった。）
しかし、減量後の運動は週250分やったほうが良いが、決定的なEvidenceはない。
レジスタンス運動は脂肪は減るが、体重は減らない。もちろん健康のリスクは下げる効果がある。
- For prevention of weight gain in most adults, PA of 150 to 250 minutes per week, with an energy equivalent of 1200 to 2000 kcal/week, will prevent weight gain of more than 3% (level of evidence, A).
- There is a dose-response effect of PA on weight loss, with PA of less than 150 minutes per week resulting in minimal weight loss, PA of more than 150 minutes per week in modest weight loss of approximately 2 to 3 kg, and PA of more than 225 to 420 minutes per week leading to weight loss of 5 to 7.5 kg (level of evidence, B).
- To maintain weight after weight loss, some studies suggest that PA of approximately 200 to 300 minutes per week will help minimize weight regain, although "more is better." To date, no well-designed, sufficiently powered, energy-balance studies provide evidence concerning the amount of PA needed to prevent weight regain after weight loss (level of evidence, B).
- Lifestyle PA, which is an ambiguous term that should be better defined to assess available evidence in the literature, may help counteract the small energy imbalance ultimately leading to obesity in most adults (level of evidence, B).
- If diet restriction is modest but not if diet restriction is severe, PA will increase weight loss (level of evidence, A).
- Resistance training is ineffective for weight loss with or without diet restriction, according to limited research evidence. However, some limited data suggest that resistance training enhances gain or maintenance of lean mass and loss of body fat during energy restriction. Furthermore, resistance training may also ameliorate risk factors for chronic disease, such as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure (level of evidence, B).
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:459-471.
具体的な重要な項目は以下。
- Weight maintenance is defined as up to a 5-pound weight change or less than 3% weight change.
- Weight change of more than 5% is clinically significant.
- Evidence statement: PA will prevent weight gain:
- Moderately vigorous PA of 150 to 250 minutes per week equivalent to 1200 to 2000 kcal/week will prevent weight gain greater than 3% in most adults.
- Evidence statement: PA will promote clinical significant weight loss:
- PA of more than 150 minutes per week was linked with weight loss of 2 to 3 kg.
- PA between 225 and 420 minutes per week was linked with weight loss of 5 to 7.5 kg
- Evidence statement: PA will prevent weight regain after weight loss:
- More PA is linked with prevention of weight regain, but additional studies are needed.
- Approximately 60 minutes of walking per day at moderate intensity will likely maintain weight.
日々の60分間の歩行は中等度の強度で、体重維持はできるだろう。
- Evidence statement: Lifestyle PA is useful for weight management:
- Assessing the effect of lifestyle PA is difficult because of a lack of definition of lifestyle PA and different measurement methods.
- Lifestyle forms of PA are nonstructured PA.
- Lifestyle approaches to increasing PA use behavioral theories of problem solving, goal setting, self-monitoring, and relapse prevention to improve participation in PA.
- Nonexercise activity thermogenesis is energy that is not expended by sleeping, eating, or planned exercise.
- Lifestyle PA energy expenditure is difficult to quantify by self-report but can be measured objectively by pedometers, accelerometers, inclinometers, or double-labeled water assessments.
- Evidence statement: PA plus restricted energy intake will increase weight loss:
- Referral to a registered dietician might be needed for specific diet recommendations.
- If diet-only or diet-plus-PA energy deficit is similar, the weight loss is similar.
- If diet restriction is moderate but not severe, PA will further increase weight loss.
食事制限が重度でなく、適度であれば、身体活動をすることでより体重が減りやすいだろう。
- Evidence statement: Resistance training will not promote clinically significant weight loss:
- Resistance training alone or combined with diet restriction might increase fat-free mass.
- Resistance training might increase loss of body fat.
- Resistance training was reported to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, decrease triglyceride levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce blood pressure.
- Resistance training plus higher dietary protein improved fat loss and prevention of lean tissue loss.
- PA might reduce chronic health risks even in the absence of significant weight loss, but there is not enough evidence to state whether PA prevents or attenuates adverse changes in chronic disease risk factors during weight gain.