論文No3450
High-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trialEditor's Choice (17 May, 2022) FREE
Claudia Crimi, Alberto Noto, Fabiana Madotto, Mariachiara Ippolito, Santi Nolasco, Raffaele Campisi, Stefano De Vuono, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Athanasios Chalkias, Alessandro Libra, Alessio Mattei, Raffaele Scala, Enrico M Clini, Begum Ergan, Manel Lujan, Joao Carlos Winck, Antonino Giarratano, Annalisa Carlucci, Cesare Gregoretti, Paolo Groff, Andrea Cortegiani
Thorax 2023;78:354-361.

<背景>

 COVID-19肺炎と軽度の低酸素血症を有する患者において、

高流量経鼻酸素(HFNO)の臨床的有用性は依然として不明である。

我々は、この患者集団において、従来の酸素療法(COT)と比較したHFNOが

呼吸補助の増長を防ぐことができるかどうかを検討することを目的とした。

<方法>

 この多施設共同無作為化並行群間非盲検試験において、

COVID-19肺炎で末梢血酸素飽和度(SpO2)92%以下の酸素療法を必要とする患者を

HFNOまたはCOTに無作為に割り付けた。

主要アウトカムは、

28日以内の呼吸サポート(すなわち、持続的気道陽圧、非侵襲的換気、侵襲的機械換気)のエスカレーション率であった。

副次的アウトカムのうち、臨床的回復は酸素化(SpO2≧96%、分画吸入酸素(FiO2)≦30%、

または動脈二酸化炭素分圧/FiO2比>300mmHg)の改善と定義された。

<結果>

 ランダム化された364人の患者のうち、HFNOに割り付けられた181人中55人(30.3%)、

COTに割り付けられた181人中70人(38.6%)が呼吸補助の増量を受け、

群間で有意差はなかった(絶対リスク差 -8.2%(95% CI -18% ~ +1.4%);

RR 0.79(95% CI 0.59 ~ 1.05);p=0.09)。

臨床的回復(69.1% vs 60.8%,絶対リスク差8.2%(95%CI -1.5% to +18.0%),

RR 1.14(95%CI 0.98 to 1.32) ),

集中治療室入院( 7.7% vs 11.0%,絶対リスク差 -3.3%(95% CI -9.3% to +2.6) ),

入院期間( 11(IQR 8-17) vs 11(IQR 7-20) day, 絶対リスク差 -1.0%(95% CI -3.1% to +1.1% ))

に大きな違いはなかった.

<感想>

 COVID-19肺炎で軽度の低酸素血症の患者において,

HFNOの使用は呼吸サポート増強の可能性を有意に低下させなかった。

 

 

 

 

 

 



Rationale In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the clinical benefit of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether HFNO compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) could prevent escalation of respiratory support in this patient population.

Methods In this multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤92% who required oxygen therapy were randomised to HFNO or COT. The primary outcome was the rate of escalation of respiratory support (ie, continuous positive airway pressure, non-invasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation) within 28 days. Among secondary outcomes, clinical recovery was defined as the improvement in oxygenation (SpO2 ≥96% with fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤30% or partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide/FiO2 ratio >300 mm Hg).

Results Among 364 randomised patients, 55 (30.3%) of 181 patients assigned to HFNO and 70 (38.6%) of 181 patients assigned to COT underwent escalation of respiratory support, with no significant difference between groups (absolute risk difference −8.2% (95% CI −18% to +1.4%); RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.05); p=0.09). There was no significant difference in clinical recovery (69.1% vs 60.8%; absolute risk difference 8.2% (95% CI −1.5% to +18.0%), RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.32)), intensive care unit admission (7.7% vs 11.0%, absolute risk difference −3.3% (95% CI −9.3% to +2.6%)), and in hospital length of stay (11 (IQR 8–17) vs 11 (IQR 7–20) days, absolute risk difference −1.0% (95% CI −3.1% to +1.1%)).

Conclusions Among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the use of HFNO did not significantly reduce the likelihood of escalation of respiratory support.