The discrimination of HCAP to identify resistant pathogens and the associated positive and negative
likelihood ratios were poor for each continent,
and perhaps the only notable difference was the increased frequency of ICU admission in North America.
耐性病原体を検出するためのHCAPの判別と
関係する陽性と陰性尤度比は、各大陸各々で低くく
おそらく唯一の顕著な差は北米のICU入院の頻度の増加だった

This is consistent with the recognized differences in the use of ICU resources in the United States compared with Europe [15, 41, 42].
これはヨーロッパと比較した合衆国のICU資源の使用における認識されてる違いと一致する

We did not identify any evidence that the excess mortality in HCAP, which was consistent across all studies, was associated with a higher frequency of resistant pathogens.
我々は、全ての研究にわたって一貫していた、HCAPにおける過剰死亡率が耐性病原体の高い頻度と関係があったとされる、どのエビデンスも検出しなかった

Instead, the excess mortality appears to be primarily due to age and comorbidities associated with HCAP.
代わりに過剰な死亡率は主に年齢とHCAPに関係した並存疾患の結果にみえる

It is increasingly recognized that comorbidities account for a large proportion of deaths in patients with pneumonia and that
a significant proportion of this mortality
cannot be modified with antibiotic treatment [43, 44].
肺炎患者の死亡の大部分を占めるのは並存疾患であり
この死亡率のかなりの割合が抗菌剤治療によって変えることができないことがますます認識されてきている

This should lead to a reevaluation of the recommendation to apply HCAP criteria for the selection of patients who generally should receive broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy [2].
これは、
一般的に広域抗菌剤治療を受けるべき患者
の選択のための、HCAP基準を適用するための推奨事項の再評価を導く可能性がある

This therapy clearly represents heavy overtreatment for the majority of patients and is associated with antibiotic-related side effects, hospital-acquired infections such as Clostridium difficile, and promotion of antibiotic resistance [45, 46].
この治療は明確に患者の大多数へ重い過剰治療を
示し
クロストリジウムディフィシルや抗菌剤耐性の助長のような抗菌剤関連の副作用と関係がある

Without clear evidence that such broad-spectrum therapy can improve outcomes in HCAP, it is difficult to see how this recommendation can be justified.
そのような広域治療がHCAPの成績を
改善できる明確なエビデンスなしに、
この推奨事項を正当化できる方法はみえにくい

In fact, the study including by far the largest population to date indicates that outcomes in patents with nonsevere HCAP are not better when treated with an HCAP guideline–concordant regime compared with a CAP guideline–concordant regime [47].
事実、これまでで最大人数の集団を含む研究は
非重症のHCAP患者の成績が、
HCAPガイドラインに一致するレジメで治療した場合、
-CAPガイドラインに一致するレジメで治療した
場合と比較し-
成績が良くないことを示唆する

Limitations of this analysis should be acknowledged.
認めるべきこの解析の限界

Meta- analysis is dependent on the quality of the source studies, and the general quality identified in this analysis was poor.
メタ解析はソースの研究の質に依存し
この解析で検出した一般的な質は低くかった

Methodology of microbiological work-up was heterogeneous, and only a few studies applied strict criteria
for classification of isolates as true pathogens,
which is particularly important regarding the critical pathogens in question.
微生物学的精密検査の方法論は混成で、
問題になる重要な病原体に関してはとりわけ重要な
真の病原体の分離株を分離するための厳格な基準を適用した
研究はわずかしかない

Good-quality studies consistently reported lower frequencies of such pathogens.
良い質の研究は一貫してそのような病原体のより低い頻度を報告した

Enterobacteriaceae were rarely subdivided into
extended spectrum beta-lactamase–producing and non-MDR groups and so analysis of this was not possible.
腸内細菌属はめったにESBLと非MDR群の中に細分化されずそのためこの解析は
不可能だった

Duration of follow-up was variable, and the relationships between specific pathogens and outcomes were rarely investigated.
追跡期間はばらつきがあり、特異的な病原体と転帰の間の関係の調査はまれだった

In conclusion, the HCAP concept discriminates poorly between patients at risk of potentially resistant pathogens, and the
excess mortality associated with HCAP is primarily due to age and comorbidities.
結論としてHCAPコンセプトは、耐性病原体のリスクの可能性がある患者
の判別はできず、
HCAP関連の過剰死亡率は主に年齢と並存疾患によるものだ

These findings should be considered in
interpreting and revising HCAP recommendations in the future.
これらの所見は今後のHCAP推奨事項の解釈と修正において
考慮されるべきだろう