The Wall Street Journal
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What’s News
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 2025
9/28/2025 6:00:00 AMShare This Episode
Are Trump’s Lethal Attacks on Drug Boats Legal?
トランプ大統領による麻薬密輸船への致死攻撃は合法か？
In the past month, the Trump administration has ordered a trio of military attacks against boats suspected to be transporting drugs from South America to the U.S. However, little information has been released about the people who were killed and whether there were actually any drugs aboard. And some Pentagon officials have raised concerns about the legality of these strikes. WSJ national security reporter Vera Bergengruen and legal correspondent Jess Bravin explore how Washington’s approach to combating drug smuggling has changed and the potential pitfalls of these strikes. Caitlin McCabe hosts.
- lethal attacks /ˈliːθəl əˈtæksɪz/ 致死攻撃、命を奪う攻撃
- suspected to be transporting /səsˈpɛktɪd tuː bi ˈtrænspɔːrtɪŋ/ ～を運んでいると疑われる
- Pentagon officials /ˈpɛntəɡən əˈfɪʃəlz/ ペンタゴン（米国防総省）の高官
- legality of these strikes /lɪˈɡæləti ʌv ðiːz straɪks/ これらの攻撃の合法性
- combating drug smuggling /ˈkɑːmbætɪŋ drʌɡ ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/ 麻薬密輸と戦うこと
- potential pitfalls /pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈpɪtfɔːlz/ 潜在的な落とし穴、問題点
- trio of military attacks /ˈtriːoʊ ʌv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈtæksɪz/ 3回の軍事攻撃（3つの攻撃）
Caitlin McCabe: Hey, What's News listeners. It's Sunday, September 28th. I'm Caitlin McCabe for The Wall Street Journal, and this is What's News Sunday, the show where we tackle the big questions about the biggest stories in the news by reaching out to our colleagues across the newsroom to help explain what's happening in our world.
On the show this week, we're taking a look at the Trump administration's use of military force on boats in international waters, which is starting to happen with more frequency. There's one big problem, though. Some officials aren't so sure that the strikes are even legal or whether the people targeted are actually smuggling narcotics at all. Stay tuned as we explore that big question and more.
About eight months ago, on the same day he was sworn into office, President Trump signed an executive order that set the stage for him to designate international cartels as terrorist organizations. Since then, the White House has ratcheted up its pressure against these drug groups, culminating in a trio of lethal military strikes against boats this month that have killed more than a dozen people. And the Trump administration has indicated it doesn't intend to pump the brakes on such attacks anytime soon. But what is the Trump administration's end goal here? Joining me now is Vera Bergengruen, who covers national security for The Journal and has been covering these boat strikes since they began. Vera, the U.S. has long been cracking down on drug trafficking from South America. Can you update us on how those priorities have changed since Trump took office in January?
- set the stage for /sɛt ðə steɪdʒ fɔːr/ ～の準備を整える、～の道を開く
- designate ... as ... /ˈdɛzɪɡneɪt … æz …/ ～を…として指定する
- ratcheted up /ˈrætʃɪtɪd ʌp/ 徐々に強める、圧力を増す
- culminating in /ˈkʌlməˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn/ ～で最高潮に達する、最終的に～に至る
- lethal military strikes /ˈliːθəl ˈmɪlɪtɛri straɪks/ 致死的な軍事攻撃
- pump the brakes /pʌmp ðə breɪks/ ブレーキをかける、活動を抑制する（比喩的）
Vera Bergengruen: President Trump came into office making it fairly clear that he was going to be very focused on the Western Hemisphere and very focused specifically on combating drug trafficking, which was one of his main priorities during the campaign. And one of the very first things he did when he got into the White House again was designate drug cartels as foreign terrorist organizations or FTOs. What that means is you can treat all of these drug cartels as terrorists. A couple of weeks ago, we started seeing a very different kind of buildup. The U.S. started to send warships. They started sending airplanes to Puerto Rico. And they started doing a quite unprecedented military buildup in the Caribbean, pretty close to Venezuela, that they said was intended to deter drug trafficking. But we hadn't really seen that before. The last time we saw any kind of kinetic force used in that part of the world was in Panama in the '80s.
- kinetic force
/kɪˈnɛtɪk fɔːrs/
武力行使、攻撃力（物理的・直接的な力）
Caitlin McCabe: Fast-forward to September, we've had a trio of attacks within pretty quick succession. Vera, what do we know about the boats that have been attacked? Were there drugs on board? And do we know that they were heading for the U.S.?
Vera Bergengruen: In some ways, we actually know quite little. The Pentagon hasn't really done a briefing. The Trump administration has released these kind of grainy videos from the air that show these boats speeding north from Venezuela towards the Caribbean. And then you see this massive fireball coming out of these boats until they stop moving. Trump officials have said that these boats are heading to the U.S. But everything we've seen is that these really quite small drug boats are transiting the Caribbean from Venezuela to the Caribbean islands, and it's not quite clear where the drugs were going from there. They didn't say where the boats were attacked. They didn't say who was on board, their identities or nationalities. They didn't say at the time or provide any evidence of the drugs that were on board. The president did say that he had seen evidence of drugs floating in the water. He mentioned cocaine and fentanyl. A couple of days ago, the Dominican Republic said that they had found hundreds of packages of cocaine floating near the site of the strike. And we got a little bit more information from them and they released images of these packages. But even so, a lot of people say that's not enough information in order to actually be, at this point, killing more than a dozen suspected drug traffickers without really releasing much evidence about who they were and whether they were actually transporting drugs.
- grainy videos /ˈɡreɪni ˈvɪdi.oʊz/
粗い映像、画質の悪い映像
Caitlin McCabe: I want to shift gears a little bit about how this is being received internationally. How are leaders responding to this approach?
Vera Bergengruen: We've seen some countries in the region, in the Caribbean, be supportive. We've seen the Dominican Republic and Trinidad and some other small countries who think it's to their advantage to be publicly supporting the Trump administration kind of say that they support this. But we've seen Colombia and some others really speak out against it. They've called it excessive and destabilizing. And they've called them basically extrajudicial killings that are outside of international law. And of course, they're also worried that whatever happens to Venezuela, it's going to really destabilize the entire region. As for Venezuela itself, you've got President Maduro, who has been saying for years that the U.S. is after him, that they're trying to unseat him. So we have seen him in some ways benefit from this theater, from images that we've seen, because he's rallying Venezuelans. He's asking them to enlist in a draft. We've seen videos of grandmothers who are learning how to use firearms. And this kind of invasion narrative is helping somebody who's quite an unpopular president.
- extrajudicial killings /ˌɛkstrəˌdʒuːˈdɪʃəl ˈkɪlɪŋz/ 国際法外の殺害、司法手続きを経ない殺害
- rally (someone) /ˈræli/ （人々を）団結させる、結集させる
- enlist in a draft /ɪnˈlɪst ɪn ə dræft/ 徴兵に参加する
Caitlin McCabe: Yeah, political theater. That's something that I wanted to touch on, on really both sides here, the U.S. and Venezuela. How much of it is this political theater versus a much more significant and possibly protracted start to conflict in the region?
- protracted /prəˈtræktɪd/ 長引く、長期化した
Vera Bergengruen: So far, it's fairly evident that the theater is definitely the end goal. We're not really seeing, as far as we know, many strikes happening in secret the way that we've often see them sometimes in the Middle East. In this case, almost every strike has been publicized. The videos are immediately posted. They're distributed very widely by the White House. And it's supposed to be this massive show of force, in some case, almost disproportionate show of force, against these tiny drug boats carrying three or four people. At the same time, it definitely is a real escalation. And it's a very real military buildup of resources and assets in the region that we have not seen in decades.
- 演出（theater）
- fairly evident /ˈfɛrli ˈɛvɪdənt/ かなり明らかである
- end goal /ɛnd ɡoʊl/ 最終目的、最終的な目標
- massive show of force /ˈmæsɪv ʃoʊ ʌv fɔːrs/ 大規模な力の誇示
- disproportionate /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːrʃənət/ 不釣り合いな、過剰な
Caitlin McCabe: Every indication we've had so far from the Trump administration, it seems like they are planning to not necessarily slow down these attacks. Do you have any insight into what more we might be able to expect on this front?
Vera Bergengruen: That's definitely true. FBI Director Kash Patel, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, they are all saying, "This is an ongoing operation. We are going to keep targeting boats as long as it takes." So, everything the Trump administration has said indicates they intend for this to be a very long-term operation where they're really going to keep targeting drug traffickers until they see a very significant decline in the number of drugs crossing into the U.S. Of course, that's where the legal issue comes into play. And it's unclear whether the Trump administration will be able to do this under the authorities they're currently using.
Caitlin McCabe: That's national security reporter Vera Bergengruen. Vera, thanks for joining us today.
Vera Bergengruen: Thanks so much.
Caitlin McCabe: Coming up, we'll unpack a few more questions, including whether these boat strikes are even legal and whether there is a risk that Venezuela or other countries could respond. We'll answer those and more just after the break.
Now that we've laid out what the Trump administration has been doing to combat drug smuggling from Venezuela, it's time to address a lingering question. Are military strikes on these types of boats legal? Joining me now is Journal legal correspondent Jess Bravin. Jess, this crackdown is quite the escalation compared to the way the U.S. used to do things. What is the legal basis that the Trump administration is using to justify these attacks?
Jess Bravin: The president declared these cartels terrorist organizations, and therefore, they're a national security threat and they're in international waters. So he justifies these attacks as going after a military target. That's the rationale. It's something we haven't seen before. And it's also a change from the way that the United States and basically every other country has handled international drug smuggling before, as a criminal matter. In past, we have used military force against suspected drug boats, but that was to confiscate them, to interdict them, bring them to a U.S. port, arrest the people there, not to essentially destroy them and kill them from a distance.
Caitlin McCabe: And it seems like this is part of this post-9/11 playbook that the Trump administration is using here. Can you talk a little bit more about these tactics and what they're reminiscent of?
Jess Bravin: After 9/11, the Bush administration decided to reinterpret international law and reinterpret its legal obligations to let it do a lot more stuff, a lot more stuff that would have been illegal under the understanding of international law and U.S. law that preceded 9/11. And what we saw there was a lot of pushback within the Pentagon, within the State Department, within the U.S. government, with lawyers saying, "Hey, this is legally questionable, if not outright illegal." The Trump administration knows that history, and they've taken some actions to prevent it. For one, the defense secretary has complained about JAGs, or judge advocates, that's the term for military uniformed lawyer, being too legalistic and being too restrictive implicitly of what he can do. And we also know that this president likes to find military solutions to what have been seen traditionally as civilian problems. We've seen the deployment of the National Guard and the Marines to American cities over the objection of local officials. And here we see the use of lethal force against drug smugglers. And drug smuggling has been for decades and decades a huge problem around the world and in this country. But it has been seen as a criminal law issue, not one that's a military threat.
- if not + 形容詞/副詞句
「（そうである）かもしれないし、そうでないにしても（より強い表現）」
if not outright illegal.
「いや、場合によっては完全に違法かもしれないが」
「…だが、むしろ完全に違法だと言えるかもしれない」 - reinterpret international law /ˌriːɪnˈtɜːrprɪt ˌɪntərˈnæʃənl lɔː/ 国際法を再解釈する
- legal obligations /ˈliːɡəl ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃənz/ 法的義務
- pushback /ˈpʊʃbæk/ 反発、抵抗
- JAG (Judge Advocate General) /dʒæɡ/ 軍の法務官、軍法顧問
- legalistic /ˌliːɡəˈlɪstɪk/ 法律重視の、細かい法律にこだわる
- implicitly restrictive /ɪmˈplɪsɪtli rɪˈstrɪktɪv/ 暗黙のうちに制限する
Caitlin McCabe: I want to get to the big question that I think has dominated the conversation in these past few weeks. How is this being received at home? It seems like some military lawyers and other Defense Department officials are raising concerns about the legality of these strikes. Is that right?
Jess Bravin: Well, they are. One reason is that a terrorist organization has been understood to be an entity with a political objective. It's trying to terrorize civilian population or leadership to make it change a policy. Drug cartels aren't really in the politics game other than to support their commercial interests. So, that's one issue.
- entity /ˈɛntɪti/ 団体、組織、存在
- political objective /pəˈlɪtɪkəl əbˈdʒɛktɪv/ 政治的目的
Another issue is that a lot of officials have lost their jobs because they've been seen as not being sufficiently supportive of what the administration wants to do. So, the degree to which there is pushback is unclear, but there's at least some. Now, on the other hand, though, keep in mind that there is a bigger picture here. The president has also said he believes that the death penalty should be expanded to include drug smuggling. The United States Supreme Court, under its current doctrine, wouldn't allow that. Capital punishment is only authorized for homicide, in other words, for directly killing somebody. Bringing in a product that could be lethal to a number of people, that wouldn't qualify under the current doctrine of the U.S. Supreme Court. So in a sense, he has found a workaround from the domestic legal system, where he can't put drug smugglers to death. But if he kills them before they enter the United States, that's outside the jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court and its constitutional holdings.
Caitlin McCabe: One extension of this story is, of course, how international leaders are responding. We've clearly seen the most forceful response from Venezuela and Nicolás Maduro there. He's come out quite vehemently and condemned these strikes. Does a country like Venezuela have legal grounds to respond?
- vehemently /ˈviːəməntli/
激しく、強く、熱烈に
Jess Bravin: There are certain international bodies where complaints can be filed. There's an Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which the United States is a member of. Potentially, Venezuela could file a complaint there and that body would hold hearings. But that body can't do anything in the United States other than simply issue an opinion about what transpired. The most that Venezuela or any country could do would be to try to get some kind of international legal consensus disagreeing with the United States' position. And the United States historically has not really given a great deal of weight to scolding from international bodies. The only legal enforcement arm that I can think of is the United Nations Security Council, where it can authorize measures against miscreant states. But the United States and two of its allies have veto power on the Security Council, so forget it.
- international bodies /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənl ˈbɑːdiz/ 国際機関
- complaints can be filed /kəmˈpleɪnts kæn bi faɪld/ 苦情を提出できる
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights /ˌɪntər əˈmɛrɪkən kəˈmɪʃən ɑn ˈhjuːmən raɪts/ アメリカ州人権委員会
- legal consensus /ˈliːɡəl kənˈsɛnsəs/ 法的合意、国際的な見解の一致
- scolding /ˈskoʊldɪŋ/ 叱責、非難
- United Nations Security Council /juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl/ 国連安全保障理事会
- authorize measures /ˈɔːθəraɪz ˈmɛʒərz/ 措置を承認する
- miscreant states /ˈmɪskriənt steɪts/ 不正国家、規範に反する国家
- veto power /ˈviːtoʊ ˈpaʊər/ 拒否権
Caitlin McCabe: So, suffice to say, it's possible we could see more boat strikes here.
Jess Bravin: For sure. We've had three already, and there have been questions raised about them. But the more you have, the more acceptable it becomes. First one might have been quite a stunning event. If there's few every month, then that just becomes part of the new normal.
- suffice to say /səˈfaɪs tə seɪ/
言うまでもなく、～と言って差し支えない
Caitlin McCabe: So, it definitely seems like this is a space to watch. Thanks for joining us, Jess.
Jess Bravin: Caitlin, anytime.
Caitlin McCabe: That's Jess Bravin, legal correspondent for The Wall Street Journal. And that's it for What's News Sunday for September 28th. Today's show is produced by Zoe Kuhlkin, with supervising producer Sandra Kilhof and deputy editor Chris Zinsli. I'm Caitlin McCabe, and we'll be back tomorrow morning with a brand new show. Until then, thanks for listening.
WSJ: Sep 29 2025
The Credit Market Is Humming—and That Has Wall Street on Edge
Concerns mount that a frothy market is concealing signs of excess. Sudden bankruptcies are rattling investors.
- credit market /ˈkrɛdɪt ˈmɑːrkɪt/ 信用市場（貸付・社債・ローンなどの取引市場）
- humming /ˈhʌmɪŋ/ 活況を呈している、順調に動いている
- on edge /ɑːn ˈɛdʒ/ 神経質になって、警戒して
- concerns mount /kənˈsɜːrnz maʊnt/ 懸念が高まる
- frothy market /ˈfrɔːθi ˈmɑːrkɪt/ 過熱した市場、バブル気味の市場
- concealing /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/ 隠している
- signs of excess /saɪnz əv ɪkˈsɛs/ 過剰の兆候
- sudden bankruptcies /ˈsʌdən ˈbæŋkrʌptsiz/ 突発的な破産
- rattling investors /ˈrætlɪŋ ɪnˈvɛstərz/ 投資家を動揺させている
Four Killed After Man Rams Into Michigan Church and Starts Shooting
Police believe the gunman also set the church on fire; he died in the church parking lot.
- ram into /ræm ˈɪntuː/ （車で）突入する
- church /ʧɜːrtʃ/ 教会
- start shooting /stɑːrt ˈʃuːtɪŋ/ 発砲を始める
- gunman /ˈɡʌnmən/ 銃撃犯、犯人
- set on fire /sɛt ɑːn ˈfaɪər/ 放火する
- die in the parking lot /daɪ ɪn ðə ˈpɑːrkɪŋ lɑːt/ 駐車場で死亡する
- police believe /pəˈliːs bɪˈliːv/ 警察は…と考えている
Eric Adams Ends Re-Election Bid, Reshaping Race for New York Mayor
Exit may boost chances of former New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo against democratic socialist Zohran Mamdani.
- ends re-election bid /ɛndz ˌriːɪˈlɛkʃən bɪd/ 再選出馬を断念する
- reshaping race /ˌriːˈʃeɪpɪŋ reɪs/ 選挙戦の構図を再編する
- exit /ˈɛksɪt/ （候補者の）撤退、辞退
- boost chances /buːst ˈʧænsɪz/ 当選の可能性を高める
- former New York Gov. /ˈfɔːrmər nuː jɔːrk ɡʌv/ 元ニューヨーク州知事
- democratic socialist /ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈsoʊʃəlɪst/ 民主社会主義者
- against /əˈɡɛnst/ ～に対して（選挙での競争相手を表す）
It’s Trump vs. Portland Again in Clash Over Federal Troops
Some Oregon business and political leaders say the president is ‘perpetuating outdated narratives,’ about the city while federal authorities call for protection at a local ICE facility.
- clash over /klæʃ ˈoʊvər/ ～をめぐる対立、衝突
- federal troops /ˈfɛdərəl truːps/ 連邦軍、連邦当局の部隊
- business and political leaders /ˈbɪznɪs ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈliːdərz/ 企業・政治指導者
- perpetuating outdated narratives /pərˈpɛtʃueɪtɪŋ ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd ˈnærətɪvz/ 時代遅れの物語を延々と繰り返す、固定化する
- federal authorities /ˈfɛdərəl əˈθɔːrətiz/ 連邦当局
- call for protection /kɔːl fɔːr prəˈtɛkʃən/ 保護を求める
- ICE facility /aɪ si i ˈfæsɪləti/ アメリカ移民税関捜査局（Immigration and Customs Enforcement）の施設
Trump to Attend Pentagon Meeting With Top Commanders
The president said the in-person gathering on Tuesday is to talk about “how well we’re doing militarily.”
- Pentagon /ˈpɛntəɡən/ 国防総省（アメリカ）
- top commanders /tɑːp kəˈmændərz/ 最高幹部、上級指揮官
- in-person gathering /ɪn ˈpɜːrsən ˈɡæðərɪŋ/ 対面での集まり
- militarily /ˈmɪləˌtɛrəli/ 軍事的に、軍事面で
- how well we’re doing /haʊ wɛl wɪr ˈduːɪŋ/ どれだけうまくやっているか
Why Microsoft Has Lower Borrowing Costs Than the U.S.
There are several theories for why anyone would pay more for a bond from Microsoft or Johnson & Johnson than for a Treasury.
- borrowing costs /ˈbɑːroʊɪŋ kɔːsts/ 借入コスト、資金調達コスト
- Treasury /ˈtrɛʒəri/ 米国財務省発行の国債（米国債）
- bond /bɑːnd/ 債券
- theories /ˈθɪəriz/ 理論、仮説
- pay more for ~ than for ~ /peɪ mɔːr fɔːr … ðæn fɔːr …/ ～に対してより多く支払う
- anyone would pay /ˈɛniwʌn wʊd peɪ/ 誰でも～に支払うだろう
FEMA Is Paralyzed. Disaster-Torn Communities Are Paying the Price.
St. Louis’s tornado was months ago, but it’s still waiting for hundreds of millions in federal recovery funds to arrive. It’s part of Trump’s plan to shift responsibility to the states and shrink the agency.
- FEMA /ˈfiːmə/ アメリカ連邦緊急事態管理庁（Federal Emergency Management Agency）
- paralyzed /ˈpærəˌlaɪzd/ 麻痺状態の、機能停止している
- disaster-torn communities /dɪˈzæstər tɔːrn kəˈmjunɪtiz/ 災害で打撃を受けた地域社会
- paying the price /ˈpeɪɪŋ ðə praɪs/ 代償を払っている、影響を受けている
- federal recovery funds /ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈkʌvəri fʌndz/ 連邦復興資金
- shift responsibility to the states /ʃɪft rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlɪti tuː ðə steɪts/ 責任を州に移す
- shrink the agency /ʃrɪŋk ði ˈeɪdʒənsi/ （FEMAなどの）機関を縮小する
How the New Tax Law Can Drive Your Bill to $0
It’s easier for some middle-income Americans to eliminate their tax bills without arcane strategies
- tax law /tæks lɔː/ 税法
- drive your bill to $0 /draɪv jʊr bɪl tuː ˈzɪroʊ/ 税額をゼロにする
- middle-income Americans /ˈmɪdl ˈɪnkʌm əˈmɛrɪkənz/ 中所得層のアメリカ人
- eliminate /ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt/ 取り除く、ゼロにする
- arcane strategies /ɑːrˈkeɪn ˈstrætədʒiz/ 難解な手法、複雑で専門的な戦略
Team USA Staged a Ryder Cup Comeback for the Ages. It Still Lost.
The Americans lost just one of Sunday’s singles matches to reel in their opponents. But it proved too little as Europe took the Cup on U.S. soil for the first time since 2012.
- staged a comeback /steɪdʒd ə ˈkʌmbæk/ カムバック（逆転劇）を演じる
- for the ages /fɔːr ði ˈeɪdʒɪz/ 歴史的な、記憶に残るほどの
- singles matches /ˈsɪŋɡəlz ˈmætʃɪz/ シングルマッチ（ゴルフやテニスで個人対個人の試合）
reel in /riːl ɪn/ 追い詰める、取り戻す
<~ reel in で「（釣りで魚を）巻き上げる」
- 追い詰める、得点を取り返す The team reeled in their opponents in the final quarter. チームは最終クォーターで相手を追い詰めた／巻き返した
- 奪い取る、取り戻す The company reeled in a big client. 会社は大口顧客を獲得した
- proved too little /pruːvd tuː ˈlɪtl/ 力及ばず、効果が不十分であった
- on U.S. soil /ɑːn juː ɛs sɔɪl/ 米国の地で、米国内で
Xi Is Chasing a Huge Concession From Trump: Opposing Taiwan Independence
The Chinese leader views President Trump’s eagerness for a trade deal as an opportunity to press for his top goal.
- chasing a concession /ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ə kənˈseʃən/ 譲歩を追い求める
- huge concession /hjuːdʒ kənˈseʃən/ 大きな譲歩
- opposing Taiwan independence /əˈpoʊzɪŋ taɪˈwɑːn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns/ 台湾独立に反対する
- eagerness for a trade deal /ˈiːɡərnəs fɔːr ə treɪd diːl/ 貿易合意への熱望
- opportunity to press for /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti tuː prɛs fɔːr/ 要求を押し進める機会
- top goal /tɑːp ɡoʊl/ 最優先目標
The Rise of America’s Young Socialists—From the 2008 Financial Crisis to Mamdani
For many on the forefront of the far left, the misery of the economic meltdown left a lasting impression.
- the rise of /ðə raɪz ʌv/ ～の台頭、出現
- young socialists /jʌŋ ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts/ 若い社会主義者たち
- financial crisis /faɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsɪs/ 金融危機
- the forefront of the far left /ðə ˈfɔːrfrʌnt ʌv ðə fɑːr lɛft/ 急進左派の最前線
- economic meltdown /ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk ˈmɛltdaʊn/ 経済崩壊
- lasting impression /ˈlæstɪŋ ɪmˈprɛʃən/ 長く残る印象、忘れられない影響