Homeless in America (3)
Lyons says that some homeless people have jobs but that various financial difficulties mean they can’t pay for housing. McMillan laments that many people have to make terrible choices about what they can pay for and that housing often gets dragged because of its high cost. And Grace says losing one’s job can also lead to homelessness.
* lament (ləˈment)
- If you lament something, you express your sadness, regret, or disappointment about it.
- to feel deep sorrow or express it as by weeping or wailing; mourn; grieve
Come down to = 結局・・・になる。 起因する
This is the essential point. In the final analysis, this is the key factor, what matters the most. Like, it all comes down to the final match of the tournament. Here the champion is decided. Or, he believes that success comes down to hard work.
- If a problem, decision, or question comes down to a particular thing, that thing is the most important factor involved.
Factor (ˈfæktər) = 要因
- A factor is one of the things that affects an event, decision, or situation.
- one of the elements contributing to a particular result or situation
Make mortgage or rent payments = 賃貸料支払い
Another common expression is "make the rent" or "make the payments for something." In other words, "be able to pay." Like, he couldn't make the rent on his apartment. So his landlord gave him an extension. Or, that's an expensive lease. Can she make the payments?
* mortgage (ˈmɔrgɪdʒ )
- A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or building society in order to buy a house.
- If you mortgage your house or land, you use it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them.
Pay back a mortgage 住宅ローンを返済する
Medical bill = 医療費
Lyons says, "But medical bills, crippling debt or other personal financial difficulties mean they can't afford to pay for housing." A medical is the charge for medical treatment, the amount we have to pay. And we get bills in a variety of situations. We pay the bill at a restaurant, for example. Or, a person could have huge legal bills from a lawsuit.
- statement of charges for medical services
Crippling debt = 巨額の債務
Crippling. This is a scary expression, isn't it? Here, it's referring to debt that is so damaging, so serious that it overwhelms a person's life. It stops it from functioning normally. You'll also hear about "crippling fear." Fear that's so strong it overwhelms a person. Or, to use the verb, excessive regulation will cripple entrepreneurship.
* crippling - A crippling illness or disability is one that severely damages your health or your body.
Entrepreneurship (ɒntrəprənɜːʳʃɪp ) 事業欲
- Entrepreneurship is the state of being an entrepreneur, or the activities associated with being an entrepreneur.
Minimum-wage job = 最低賃金の仕事
Face = 直面する
Awful choice = ひどい選択
(ˈɔfəl ) - causing fear; terrifying
Limited resources = 限られた財源
Not a lot of income, limited financial means that someone can use. You might say, "We have limited resources for this project. So we have to keep our expenditures low." Or, this animal shelter has limited resources. So I always make a Christmas donation.
Financial resources 財源
Limited financial resources 限られた財源
* expendiure (ɛkˈspɛndɪtʃər ; ɪkˈspɛndətʃər )
- An amount expended.
- Expenditure is the spending of money on something, or the money that is spent on something.
Basic necessities of life = 生活に欠かせない基本的なもの
The fundamental things we have to have to survive in life; food, shelter, clothing.
There's also the term "bare necessities," which is like, the most fundamental things of all, the absolute minimum. Maybe, he only takes the bare necessities on his fishing trips, like a tent and some rice.
* Necessities of Life
- Things one requires to avoid death. Examples include food, sleep, shelter and clothing. Most necessities of life require money to purchase them. Jobs, investments and even insurance can be utilized to pay for the necessities of life.
* bare necessities
- That which is absolutely essential, with nothing superfluous, extravagant, or unnecessary.
Food, shelter, clothing 衣食住 ＞基本的な生活必需品
Take up a huge chunk of one's (someone's) income
= 人の収入のかなりの部分を占める
In this case, "take up" means "use, consume." Like, meetings took up a huge chunk of my schedule today. So, a big part of my day was spent attending meetings.
And "take up" can apply to tangible, physical things too. Like, that sofa takes up a lot of the room. A smaller one would be better.
Not surprisingly = 驚くまでもなく
Ueda says, "Not surprisingly, those states and the nation's capital also have the highest housing costs in the country."
Not surprisingly. This is not surprising. We would expect this situation or this event. Such as, she doesn't doublecheck her work. So, not surprisingly, she makes a lot of mistakes.
Unemployed = 仕事のない
For a prolonged period = 長い間
For a long time, for an extended period. That would work too. His injury kept him on the bench for a prolonged period. So, the athlete couldn't play for a long time because of the injury. Or, she was assigned to the marketing department for an extended period.
* prolonged (prəlɒŋd , US -lɔːŋd )
- A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.
***
all too often
- You use all too or only too to emphasize that something happens to a greater extent or degree than is pleasant or desirable.
all too ... 過ぎる
- to a high degree; "she is all too ready to accept the job"
=> only too
know all too well ～が嫌というほど分かっている
***
chunk (tʃʌŋk )
- Informal A substantial amount:
- A chunk of something is a large amount or large part of it.
afford
- can afford > can buy
awful
- terrible, borrible
英語で memo
実践ビジネス英語